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Questions and Answers
Which therapeutic approach involves the continuous administration of small amounts of allergens to induce antigen-specific tolerance?
Which therapeutic approach involves the continuous administration of small amounts of allergens to induce antigen-specific tolerance?
- Tolerogenic Vaccines
- IL-2 Therapy
- Hyposensitisation Immunotherapy (correct)
- T cell Therapy
Which type of immunotherapy shows promise for the control of peanut allergy?
Which type of immunotherapy shows promise for the control of peanut allergy?
- T cell Therapy
- IL-2 Therapy
- Tolerogenic Vaccines
- Oral/sublingual desensitisation immunotherapy (correct)
How can sensitization to food antigen occur?
How can sensitization to food antigen occur?
- Through intravenous injection
- Through oral ingestion
- Through inhalation
- Through cutaneous exposure (correct)
Which cells are involved in the expansion of intestinal mast cells and food-induced anaphylaxis?
Which cells are involved in the expansion of intestinal mast cells and food-induced anaphylaxis?
What is the learning outcome related to immune tolerance?
What is the learning outcome related to immune tolerance?
Which article provides information on the mechanism of oral tolerance induction to therapeutic proteins?
Which article provides information on the mechanism of oral tolerance induction to therapeutic proteins?
Which of the following best defines immunological tolerance?
Which of the following best defines immunological tolerance?
Where does the induction of tolerance to self antigens occur?
Where does the induction of tolerance to self antigens occur?
Which type of cells play a role in peripheral tolerance induction?
Which type of cells play a role in peripheral tolerance induction?
What is the difference between tolerance and immunosuppression?
What is the difference between tolerance and immunosuppression?
Where do B cells develop?
Where do B cells develop?
How does the immune system learn to discriminate between self and non-self?
How does the immune system learn to discriminate between self and non-self?
Which type of cells express TCR in the thymus?
Which type of cells express TCR in the thymus?
What happens to thymocytes that cannot recognize self MHC expressed on the surface of cortical epithelial cells?
What happens to thymocytes that cannot recognize self MHC expressed on the surface of cortical epithelial cells?
What is the purpose of positive selection in the thymus?
What is the purpose of positive selection in the thymus?
Which cells are responsible for negative selection in the thymus?
Which cells are responsible for negative selection in the thymus?
What is the role of AIRE (autoimmune regulator) in the thymus?
What is the role of AIRE (autoimmune regulator) in the thymus?
How is tolerance established to antigens that cannot be expressed in the thymus?
How is tolerance established to antigens that cannot be expressed in the thymus?
Which immune checkpoint inhibitor has shown better results in combination with anti-PD-1 for the treatment of melanoma, lymphoma, lung, and renal cancer?
Which immune checkpoint inhibitor has shown better results in combination with anti-PD-1 for the treatment of melanoma, lymphoma, lung, and renal cancer?
Which cells are critical for maintaining peripheral tolerance through suppressive mechanisms?
Which cells are critical for maintaining peripheral tolerance through suppressive mechanisms?
What is the function of CD25 (IL-2Rα) in T regulatory cells (Tregs)?
What is the function of CD25 (IL-2Rα) in T regulatory cells (Tregs)?
What is the role of Tregs in promoting tolerance?
What is the role of Tregs in promoting tolerance?
Which inhibitory receptors are associated with increased expression in HIV-specific T cells and SARS-COV2-specific T cells, and are associated with disease severity?
Which inhibitory receptors are associated with increased expression in HIV-specific T cells and SARS-COV2-specific T cells, and are associated with disease severity?
What antigen properties favor tolerance rather than immunogenicity?
What antigen properties favor tolerance rather than immunogenicity?
Which cells undergo random somatic gene rearrangement to generate a diverse repertoire of antigen receptors?
Which cells undergo random somatic gene rearrangement to generate a diverse repertoire of antigen receptors?
What is the primary function of the thymus in the immune system?
What is the primary function of the thymus in the immune system?
Which cells are involved in the process of central tolerance induction in the bone marrow?
Which cells are involved in the process of central tolerance induction in the bone marrow?
What is the main purpose of negative selection in the thymus?
What is the main purpose of negative selection in the thymus?
Which of the following statements about thymic involution is true?
Which of the following statements about thymic involution is true?
What is the significance of positive selection in T cell development?
What is the significance of positive selection in T cell development?
Which cells are responsible for the induction of peripheral tolerance?
Which cells are responsible for the induction of peripheral tolerance?
What is the main function of central tolerance?
What is the main function of central tolerance?
Which cells are involved in the process of central tolerance induction in the thymus?
Which cells are involved in the process of central tolerance induction in the thymus?
What is the role of regulatory T cells in immune tolerance?
What is the role of regulatory T cells in immune tolerance?
Which of the following is true about antigen-specific tolerance?
Which of the following is true about antigen-specific tolerance?
Where do B cells develop?
Where do B cells develop?
What is the purpose of positive selection in T cell development?
What is the purpose of positive selection in T cell development?
What is the role of Tregs in promoting tolerance?
What is the role of Tregs in promoting tolerance?
Which organ is responsible for the maturation of T cells?
Which organ is responsible for the maturation of T cells?
What is the process called when T cells are selected based on their ability to recognize self antigens?
What is the process called when T cells are selected based on their ability to recognize self antigens?
Which cells are eliminated during negative selection in the thymus?
Which cells are eliminated during negative selection in the thymus?
What is the main reason for the progressive impairment of the immune system with age?
What is the main reason for the progressive impairment of the immune system with age?
During the development of B cells, which process is responsible for rearranging the heavy and light chains of the antibody?
During the development of B cells, which process is responsible for rearranging the heavy and light chains of the antibody?
Which stage of B cell maturation occurs in the bone marrow?
Which stage of B cell maturation occurs in the bone marrow?
What is the mechanism by which B cells that recognize self antigens within the bone marrow are eliminated?
What is the mechanism by which B cells that recognize self antigens within the bone marrow are eliminated?
What is the purpose of receptor editing in B cells?
What is the purpose of receptor editing in B cells?
Which of the following is true about the generation of diverse antigen receptors in T and B cells?
Which of the following is true about the generation of diverse antigen receptors in T and B cells?
What is the purpose of the somatic rearrangement of gene segments in T and B cells?
What is the purpose of the somatic rearrangement of gene segments in T and B cells?
Which chromosomes are involved in the expression of light and heavy chains in T and B cells?
Which chromosomes are involved in the expression of light and heavy chains in T and B cells?
How are the gene segments in the immunoglobulin genes rearranged to produce the full protein?
How are the gene segments in the immunoglobulin genes rearranged to produce the full protein?
What is the purpose of somatic gene rearrangement in T cells?
What is the purpose of somatic gene rearrangement in T cells?
What is the difference in antigen recognition between T cells and B cells?
What is the difference in antigen recognition between T cells and B cells?
What is the role of T cell receptor (TCR) in T cell activation?
What is the role of T cell receptor (TCR) in T cell activation?
What is the significance of self MSI-restricted T cells?
What is the significance of self MSI-restricted T cells?
Which two stages of selection are mentioned in the text?
Which two stages of selection are mentioned in the text?
What is the role of nursing cells in positive selection?
What is the role of nursing cells in positive selection?
Which cells are responsible for negative selection?
Which cells are responsible for negative selection?
What is the function of AIRE (autoimmune regulator) in the thymus?
What is the function of AIRE (autoimmune regulator) in the thymus?
What is the primary function of the thymus in the immune system?
What is the primary function of the thymus in the immune system?
Which cells are critical for maintaining peripheral tolerance through suppressive mechanisms?
Which cells are critical for maintaining peripheral tolerance through suppressive mechanisms?
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