25 Questions
What is the primary function of bone marrow?
To produce all types of blood cells
What type of cells are produced in the bone marrow that will become immune cells?
Lymphocytes
Where is the bone marrow located?
In the hollow center of the bones
What is the bone marrow composed of?
Soft tissue
What is the final stage of development for cells produced in the bone marrow?
Mature immune cells
How is the immune system typically divided?
Into two categories
What is the main classification of the immune system?
Innate and adaptive
How many categories does the immune system consist of?
Two categories
What are the two main categories of the immune system?
Innate and adaptive
Into how many categories is the immune system subdivided?
No subcategories
What is the primary function of the specific receptors expressed on the surface of T cells?
To recognize and respond to foreign substances
What type of immune response is mediated by T cells?
Cell-mediated immune response
What is the role of T cells in the immune response?
To recognize and eliminate infected cells
What is the term for the process by which T cells recognize and respond to foreign substances?
Immune recognition
What is the term for the cells that are infected with pathogens and are recognized by T cells?
Target cells
What is the primary function of the innate immune system?
To provide a first line of defense against pathogens
What is the main role of the skin in the innate immune system?
To act as a physical barrier to invasion
What type of immunity is provided by the innate immune system?
Non-specific immunity
What are the primary barriers used by the innate immune system to defend against pathogens?
Physical and chemical barriers
What is the primary advantage of the innate immune system's non-specific defense?
It provides immediate defense against a wide range of pathogens
What is the function of the immune system in response to pathogens?
To destroy the pathogens
How does the immune system differentiate among pathogens?
By making specialized cells and antibodies
What is unique about the immune system compared to the first and second lines of defense?
It differentiates among pathogens
What is the outcome of the immune system's response to pathogens?
The pathogens become harmless
What is the role of specialized cells and antibodies in the immune system?
To render the pathogens harmless
Study Notes
Immune System
- The immune system protects the body by creating specialized cells and antibodies that render pathogens harmless.
- It differentiates among pathogens, unlike the first and second lines of defense.
Bone Marrow and White Blood Cells
- Bone marrow, a soft tissue in the center of bones, is the source of all blood cells, including white blood cells (lymphocytes) that become immune cells.
- Lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and later become immune cells.
Types of Immunity
- The immune system is divided into two categories: innate and adaptive immunity.
- Innate immunity is non-specific and provides immediate defense against infection.
- Adaptive immunity is specific and provides long-term protection against infection.
Innate Immunity (First-Line Defenses)
- Physical barriers: skin acts as a barrier to invasion.
- Chemical barriers: provides immediate defense against infection.
- First-line defenses use physical and chemical barriers to defend against pathogens.
Cellular Immune Response
- Mediated by specific receptors on the surface of T cells.
- Recognizes and responds to foreign substances.
- T cells have specific receptors that allow them to recognize and respond to pathogens.
Learn about the immune system's ability to differentiate among pathogens and render them harmless through specialized cells and antibodies. Discover how it differs from the first and second lines of defense.
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