Immune Response and Hypersensitivity Quiz
84 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the term for the inappropriate immune response that can result in significant tissue damage or death?

  • Inflammatory
  • Effector
  • Antigen
  • Hypersensitivity (correct)

    • Which molecules induce a localized inflammatory response to eliminate antigen without extensively damaging the host's tissue?

  • Effector molecules (correct)
  • Immune molecules
  • Inflammatory molecules
  • Antigen molecules

    • What do effector molecules act to remove?

  • Antigen (correct)
  • Inflammatory response
  • Host's molecules
  • Tissue damage

    • What is the primary role of the battery of effector molecules in an immune response?

    <p>To remove antigen without extensively damaging the host's tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is initiated by antibody-antigen complexes?

    <p>Immediate hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of hypersensitivity reaction do the symptoms manifest in days?

    <p>Delayed-type hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response is associated with delayed-type hypersensitivity?

    <p>Cell-mediated response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response is associated with immediate hypersensitivity?

    <p>Humoral response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction ?

    <p>A+B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity reaction is induced by antigens known as allergens?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which portion of IgE binds with Fc receptors on mast cells and basophils?

    <p>Fc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for mast cells and basophils coated by IgE?

    <p>Sensitized cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes degranulation of sensitized mast cells and basophils?

    <p>Antigen cross-linking with the membrane-bound IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hereditary predisposition to development of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to common environmental antigens?

    <p>Atopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term specifically used for nonparasitic antigens capable of stimulating type I hypersensitive responses in allergic individuals?

    <p>Allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest of all antibody classes in serum and has a half-life of 2-3 days but once bound to mast cells or basophils, can last for weeks?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells bind IgE and are responsible for the symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Mast cells and basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type I hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by nonparasitic antigens known as allergens.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IgE has the lowest half-life of all antibody classes in serum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaginic activity of IgE depends on its ability to bind to a receptor specific for the Fc region of the ε heavy chain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates IgE-mediated degranulation in mast cells and basophils?

    <p>Allergen crosslinking IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results in mast cell degranulation following IgE cross-linkage?

    <p>Increase of Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is highlighted for its ability to block the increase of Ca2+ as a treatment for allergies?

    <p>Disodium cromoglycate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for the movement of granules to the plasma membrane during mast cell degranulation?

    <p>Assembly of microtubules and contraction of microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IgE cross-linkage initiates degranulation in mast cells and basophils.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The increase of Ca2+ is not necessary for mast-cell degranulation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs like disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium) promote Ca++ influx during degranulation as a treatment for allergies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary mediator of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of the late phase in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>6 hours - 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are produced before degranulation and are stored in the granules?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platelet-activating factor is a primary mediator of Type I hypersensitivity reactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The late phase of Type I hypersensitivity reactions typically lasts for less than 6 hours.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IgE cross-linkage does not play a role in initiating degranulation in mast cells and basophils.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of granules in mast cells accounting for about 10% of granule weight?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biological effects are observed within minutes due to the preformed storage of a particular substance in mast cell granules?

    <p>Contraction of smooth muscle, venule permeability increase, and mucus secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is formed before degranulation and is stored in mast cell granules?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from the release of histamine from mast cell granules?

    <p>Contraction of smooth muscle, venule permeability increase, and mucus secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of leukotrienes and prostaglandins in the immune response?

    <p>Initiate bronchoconstriction and increase vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cytokines are secreted by human mast cells, altering the local microenvironment?

    <p>IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and TNF-α</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity reaction is initiated by nonparasitic antigens known as allergens?

    <p>Type I hypersensitivity reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effector molecules are more pronounced and longer lasting than histamine in their biological effects?

    <p>Leukotrienes and prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leukotrienes and prostaglandins are formed before mast cell degranulation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokines secreted by human mast cells alter the local microenvironment, leading to the recruitment of inflammatory cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The late phase of Type I hypersensitivity reactions typically lasts for more than 6 hours.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platelet-activating factor is a primary mediator of Type I hypersensitivity reactions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of systemic anaphylaxis?

    <p>Initiated by an allergen entering the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from anaphylactic shock in systemic anaphylaxis?

    <p>Rapid drop in blood pressure leading to shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen if the allergen in systemic anaphylaxis is inhaled or ingested?

    <p>Severe constriction of airways leading to suffocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers anaphylactic shock when the allergen enters through the skin in systemic anaphylaxis?

    <p>Vasodilation and increased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause or trigger for systemic anaphylaxis?

    <p>Insect stings and venom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of anaphylactic shock in systemic anaphylaxis?

    <p>Bronchiolar constriction causing labored respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions can be systemic or localized.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaphylactic shock in systemic anaphylaxis can lead to suffocation if the allergen is inhaled or ingested.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary role of leukotrienes and prostaglandins in the immune response is to induce a localized inflammatory response to eliminate antigen without extensively damaging the host's tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for localized hypersensitivity reactions, usually involving the epithelial surface of the site of allergen entry?

    <p>Atopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is triggered by degranulation of mast cells in the lower respiratory tract, leading to early and late responses involving various mediators and inflammatory cells?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule recruits inflammatory cells, including eosinophils and neutrophils, into the bronchial tissue during the late response of an asthmatic reaction?

    <p>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of asthma attack can be induced by exercise or cold, independently of allergen stimulation?

    <p>Intrinsic Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of systemic anaphylaxis?

    <p>Rapid onset and potential for fatality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is released from mast cell granules and leads to bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and mucus buildup during the early response of an asthmatic reaction?

    <p>Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allergic Rhinitis is commonly known as 'hay fever'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allergic asthma is triggered by degranulation of mast cells in the nasal mucosa.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The late response of allergic asthma involves the release of additional mediators such as IL-4, IL-5, and TNF-α.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom can be induced by allergen crosslinking of IgE on mast cells along the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Abdominal pain, vomiting, and/or diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells increase the permeability of mucous membranes, allowing the allergen to enter the bloodstream?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin condition is frequently associated with a family history of atopy?

    <p>Allergic eczema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells are found in the skin lesions of atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Th 2 cells and eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mast cell degranulation along the gut can increase the permeability of mucous membranes, allowing the allergen to enter the bloodstream.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atopic dermatitis is commonly associated with a family history of atopy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skin lesions in atopic dermatitis contain Th 1 cells and a decreased number of eosinophils.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Type I hypersensitivity commonly identified and assessed?

    <p>By measuring the serum level of total IgE antibody with RIST</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from allergen crosslinking of IgE on mast cells along the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Increased permeability of mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of leukotrienes and prostaglandins in the immune response?

    <p>Induce a localized inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hereditary predisposition to development of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to common environmental antigens?

    <p>Atopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mast cell degranulation and the release of histamine and other mediators produce a wheal and flare within 30 minutes in Type I hypersensitivity reactions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The radio immunosorbent test (RIST) is used to determine the serum level of total IgE antibody in Type I hypersensitivity reactions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allergic Rhinitis is commonly known as 'hay fever'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can type I hypersensitivities be controlled?

    <p>Avoiding contact with known allergens and immunotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of oral immunotherapy (OIT)?

    <p>To establish desensitization to food allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Omalizumab work in controlling type I hypersensitivities?

    <p>It binds to the Fc region of IgE and prevents IgE from triggering mast cell degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of subcutaneous immunotherapy?

    <p>It causes a shift to IgG production instead of IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Immunotherapy for type I hypersensitivities includes desensitization, which involves subcutaneous injections of allergens to shift to IgG production instead of IgE.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oral immunotherapy (OIT) involves feeding children gradually increasing doses of food allergens, with the goal of establishing desensitization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monoclonal anti-human IgE, such as Omalizumab, prevents IgE from binding to FcεRI and triggering mast cell degranulation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser