Imaging of Upper Extremities Overview
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Questions and Answers

In upper extremities radiology, various imaging modalities are chosen based on what two factors?

Clinical context and specific structures under investigation

What are the two initial imaging tools for assessing bones and joints in the upper extremities?

  • CT scans and PET scans
  • MRI and Ultrasound
  • X-rays and MRI
  • X-rays and CT scans (correct)

    • Radiological studies play a crucial role in diagnosing and managing conditions affecting the upper limbs.

    True

    What are the 5 main X-ray densities?

    <p>Air, fat, soft tissue, bone, metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the parts of the humerus that can be seen on an X-ray?

    <p>The greater tuberosity, lesser tuberosity, head, surgical neck, and anatomical neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parts of the scapula are readily visible on an X-ray?

    <p>The glenoid cavity, supraglenoid tubercle, infraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process, and acromion process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The clavicle is classified as a long bone.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acromial extremity of the clavicle articulate with?

    <p>The acromion process of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main features of the clavicle that are visible on radiographic images?

    <p>The body, the acromial extremity, and the sternal extremity of the clavicle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The scapula is classified as a flat bone.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main features of the scapula that are visible on radiographic images?

    <p>The acromion process, glenoid cavity, spine, and body of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the parts of the humerus that are visible on radiographic images?

    <p>The head, anatomical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, and surgical neck are visible on radiographic images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main features of the humerus visible on radiographic images?

    <p>The head, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, surgical neck, shaft, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, capitulum, and trochlea are readily visible on radiographic images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main features of the elbow that are visible on radiographic images?

    <p>The humerus (shaft, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, capitulum, trochlea), ulna (olecranon process, coronoid process, shaft), and radius (head, neck, shaft) are all visible on radiographic images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features of the wrist are visible on radiographic images?

    <p>The radius (distal end), ulna (distal end), scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones are readily visible on radiographic images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main features of the hand that are visible on radiographic images?

    <p>The metacarpals, proximal phalanges, middle phalanges, and distal phalanges are all clearly visible on hand radiographs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for a shoulder dislocation?

    <p>Glenohumeral joint dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appears as a gap between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa on an X-ray?

    <p>A shoulder dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fracture of the clavicle?

    <p>Clavicle fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the displacement of the bones at the elbow joint?

    <p>Elbow dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fracture involving the radial head?

    <p>Radial head fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the displacement of the radial head in the elbow?

    <p>Radial head dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fracture of the radius at the elbow?

    <p>Elbow fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fracture that occurs within the joint surface of the radial head?

    <p>Intra-articular radial head fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fracture that involves the narrow part of the radius beneath the radial head?

    <p>Radial neck fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fracture of the distal end of the radius?

    <p>Distal radius fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fracture involving the ulna bone?

    <p>Ulna fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fracture involving the wrist bones?

    <p>Wrist fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sesamoid bones are extra bones found in the hand and are often seen on hand X-rays.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Imaging of Upper Extremities, CT, Radiography

    • Various imaging modalities are used based on the clinical context and specific structures being investigated.
    • X-rays and CT scans are often initial tools for assessing bones and joints.
    • MRI provides more detailed information about soft tissues, ligaments, and joint structures.
    • Radiological studies are crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions of the upper limbs.

    Basic Radiographic Principles - Recap

    • X-rays are produced within the X-ray tube.
    • X-ray beams pass through the region of interest (ROI) onto a detector plate.
    • There are five main X-ray densities: air, fat, soft tissue, bone, and metal.

    Normal Anatomy of the Shoulder

    • The upper end of the humerus is visible, including the: greater tuberosity, lesser tuberosity, head, surgical neck, anatomical neck.
    • The scapula's parts are: glenoid cavity, supraglenoid tubercle, infraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process, acromion process, lateral axillary border, and upper ribs.

    Clavicle Basic Anatomy

    • The clavicle is a long bone with a body and two articular extremities (acromial and sternal).
    • The acromial extremity articulates with the acromion process of the scapula.
    • The sternal extremity articulates with the manubrium of the sternum and the first costal cartilage.
    • Measurements for coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligaments are provided (3cm, 1.5cm).

    Scapula CT

    • The scapula is a flat bone forming the posterior part of the shoulder girdle, triangular in shape.
    • It has two surfaces, three borders, and three angles.
    • It lies on the thorax between the second and seventh ribs.
    • The medial border runs parallel with the vertebral column.

    Humerus

    • The proximal end of the humerus includes the head, anatomical neck, greater and lesser tubercles, and surgical neck.
    • The head is smooth, rounded, and lies in an oblique plane on the superomedial side of the humerus.
    • The surgical neck is a constricted area below the tubercles, a common site of fractures.

    Elbow X-ray

    • Key structures include the humerus, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, radial head, radial neck, olecranon fossa, trochlea, capitulum, olecranon process, and coronoid process.

    Elbow CT

    • Key structures include the distal humerus, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, olecranon fossa, olecranon process, radius, and ulna.

    Radius and Ulna

    • The radius and ulna are important bones in the forearm.
    • They are connected at both proximal and distal ends.

    Wrist X-ray

    • Key structures include the carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate), base of metacarpals, radial styloid process, and ulna styloid process.

    Wrist CT

    • Key structures include extensor tendons, trapezium, scaphoid, capitate, hamate, triquetrum, pisiform, and other relevant ligaments and tendons.

    Hand X-Ray

    • The hand includes the radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, proximal, middle, and distal phalanges.
    • Sesamoid bones can sometimes be seen.

    Fracture Basics - Recap

    • Fracture types are illustrated: transverse, linear, oblique (nondisplaced and displaced), spiral, greenstick, and comminuted.

    Shoulder Dislocation

    • A shoulder dislocation involves separation of the humerus from the glenoid of the scapula.
    • On X-ray, a gap will appear between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa.

    Elbow Dislocations

    • Various X-ray and CT images of elbow dislocations are displayed.

    Radial Head Dislocation

    • A radial head dislocation, especially in skeletally immature patients, is shown in X-ray and diagram format.

    Elbow Fractures

    • Intra-articular radial head fracture, radial neck fracture, and distal radius fracture are shown in X-ray images.

    Ulna Fracture

    • X-ray examples of an ulna fracture are provided.

    Normal Wrist Radiographic Anatomy

    • Shows the normal structures of the wrist joint, including the carpals, radius, ulna, and related anatomy.

    Hand Bone Structures

    • Shows images and labels of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges and metacarpals in the hand.

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    Upper Limb Bone Imaging PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential concepts of imaging modalities used for the upper extremities, including CT scans, X-rays, and MRIs. It also encompasses basic radiographic principles and the normal anatomy of the shoulder. Perfect for students in radiology and healthcare professionals alike.

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