45 Questions
Which part of the internal carotid artery extends from the base of the carotid canal to the apex of the petrous bone?
Petrous part
What is the name of the artery that arises from the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery and supplies the eye and other orbital structures?
Ophthalmic Artery
Where does the internal carotid artery pierce the dura mater and arachnoid mater?
At the intracranial part
What is the name of the artery that arises from the petrous part of the internal carotid artery and supplies the tympanic membrane?
Caroticotympanic Artery
Which branch of the internal carotid artery supplies the frontal area of the scalp?
Ophthalmic Artery
In which part of the internal carotid artery does it pass through the cavernous sinus?
Cavernous part
What is the name of the artery that arises from the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery and supplies the dorsum of the nose?
Ophthalmic Artery
Where does the internal carotid artery enter the orbit?
Via the optic canal below the optic nerve
What is the name of the branch that arises from the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery and supplies the frontal and ethmoid sinuses?
Ophthalmic Artery
What is the main function of the precentral gyrus?
Controls voluntary movement
Which artery is involved in the vascular territory related to the paracentral lobule?
ACA
What is the result of ACA occlusion distal to the AComA?
Contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss involving the leg and foot
What is the function of the postcentral gyrus?
Receives and processes somatic sensations
What is the name of the map that shows the distribution of innervations on how the different parts of the body receive sensory and motor information?
Cortical Homunculus
What is the significance of the bigger representation in the cortical homunculus?
More innervations in the corresponding body part
Which of the following is a characteristic of the cortical homunculus?
Uneven representation of the cortical area allocated to each body part
What is the result of ACA occlusion proximal to the AComA?
Adequate collateral circulation to preserve the circulation
What is the function of the paracentral lobule?
Controls motor and sensory innervation of the leg and foot
Which artery supplies the superior surface of the cerebellum?
Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA)
What is the origin of the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)?
Basilar artery
Which branch of the Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA) supplies the superior portion of the vermis and the superomedial cerebellar cortex?
Medial Branch
Which structure is supplied by the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)?
All of the above
Which of the following nerves does the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) pass at the cerebellopontine angle?
Abducens nerve, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves
Which artery supplies the flocculus, choroid plexus, and the middle cerebellar peduncle?
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)
What is the largest vertebral artery branch?
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)
Where do the veins that drain the cerebellum empty into?
Great cerebral vein or adjacent venous sinuses
Which of the following structures is supplied by the Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA)?
All of the above
What are the two main arteries that supply the brain with arterial blood?
2 ICA & 2 Vertebral Arteries
What is the point where the blood from the two sides of the cerebral hemisphere come together?
Posterior Communicating Artery
What is the main route for collateral blood flow in cases of carotid artery obstruction?
Anterior Communicating Artery (AcomA) and Posterior Communicating Artery (PcomA)
What happens to blood flow when one part of the Circle of Willis becomes blocked or one of the arteries supplying the circle is blocked or narrowed?
Blood flow from the other blood vessels can preserve the cerebral perfusion
What is the purpose of the Circle of Willis?
To allow blood to flow across the midline when the ICA or the Vertebral artery on one side is occluded
What do the cerebral arteries do at the Circle of Willis?
They anastomose with one another
What do the central branches within the substance of the brain do?
They do not anastomose
What is the result of the arrangement of the brain's arteries into the Circle of Willis?
Creation of collaterals in the cerebral circulation
What happens to the blood flow when the ICA or the Vertebral artery on one side is occluded?
Blood flow from the other blood vessels can preserve the cerebral perfusion
What are the characteristics of the veins of the spinal cord?
Valveless and devoid of muscular tissue
What is the pattern of venous drainage of the spinal cord?
Follows a similar pattern to that of its arterial supply
What is the function of the Pial Venous Plexus?
Drains into the Anterior and Posterior Spinal Veins
What is the arrangement of the Anterior and Posterior Spinal Veins?
Arranged longitudinally and connected freely with each other
Where does the Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus lie?
In the epidural space
What is the connection between the Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus and the brain?
It passes superiorly through the foramen magnum to communicate with the Dural Sinuses of the brain
What is the function of the External Vertebral Venous Plexus?
Drains into the Systemic Venous System
What is the characteristic of the intracranial veins, sinuses, and venous plexuses?
They are valveless and communicate freely with each other
What is the difference between the venous drainage of the spinal cord and the brain?
The spinal cord has a different pattern from the brain
Study Notes
Blood Supply of the Cerebellum
- Vascular supply of the cerebellum comes from three paired arteries that originate from the vertebrobasilar system:
- Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA)
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)
Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA)
- Arises mainly from the basilar artery
- Passes below the oculomotor nerve and winds around the cerebral peduncle to supply the superior surface of the cerebellum
- Supplies pons, pineal gland, and the superior medullary velum
- Splits into two branches:
- Medial branch: supplies the mesencephalon, inferior and superior colliculi
- Lateral branch: supplies the superolateral cerebellar cortex
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)
- Branches off from the basilar artery
- Passes the abducens nerve, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves at the cerebellopontine angle
- Passes posteriorly and laterally
- Supplies the anterior and inferior surface of the cerebellum
- Supplies the flocculus, choroid plexus, and the middle cerebellar peduncle
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)
- Largest vertebral artery branch
- Passes between the cerebellum and the medulla
- Supplies the cerebellar nuclei, inferior surface of the vermis, and the inferior surface area of the cerebellar hemisphere
- Supplies the medulla oblongata and choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle
- May give rise to Posterior Spinal Arteries in some anatomical variations
Cerebral Circulation
- The brain has a dual blood supply from the internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA)
- The anterior circulation is supplied by the ICA and the posterior circulation is supplied by the VA
- The Circle of Willis allows for collateral blood flow in cases of carotid artery obstruction
Venous Drainage of the Spinal Cord
- Veins of the spinal cord are valveless and devoid of muscular tissue
- Follows a similar pattern to that of its arterial supply
- Drains into tortuous longitudinal channels that communicate with the veins of the brain and venous sinuses
Veins Draining the Spinal Cord
- Central/Sulcal veins within the substance of the spinal cord (Anterior and Posterior Sulcal Veins)
- Drains into the Pial Venous Plexus, which in turn drains into Anterior and Posterior Spinal Veins
- Drains into the Anterior and Posterior Radicular and Medullary Veins which join the Anterior and Posterior Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus lying in the epidural space
This quiz covers the three divisions of the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) including the petrous, cavernous, and intracranial/cerebral parts, as well as their respective branches. Test your knowledge of the ICA's anatomy and its various branches. Learn and understand the different parts of the ICA and its functions.
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