Hypothalamus-Pituitary Axis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of Growth Hormone on tissue growth?

  • Increases apoptosis of cells
  • Stimulates only cell differentiation
  • Causes growth of almost all tissues of body (correct)
  • Only affects growth of muscles

    • What is the function of Somatostatin on GH secretion?

  • Regulates ACTH secretion
  • Has no effect on GH secretion
  • Stimulates GH secretion
  • Inhibits GH secretion (correct)

    • What is the effect of Growth Hormone on protein metabolism?

  • Decreases protein synthesis
  • Increases protein synthesis (correct)
  • Only affects fat metabolism
  • Has no effect on protein metabolism

    • Which hormone is responsible for stimulating ACTH secretion?

    <p>CRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates TSH and Prolactin secretion?

    <p>TRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on fat metabolism?

    <p>Increases lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on protein metabolism?

    <p>Enhances synthesis of proteins and spares proteins by reducing protein catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on fat metabolism?

    <p>Increases conversion of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on carbohydrate metabolism?

    <p>Decreases glucose utilization for energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation between Growth Hormone and glucose or insulin?

    <p>Growth Hormone fails to cause growth in the absence of glucose or insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of Growth Hormone secretion?

    <p>Decreases with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of starvation on Growth Hormone secretion?

    <p>Increases Growth Hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates Growth Hormone secretion?

    <p>Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on Somatomedins?

    <p>Enhances Somatomedins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of GH hyposecretion?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ADH on the body's water conservation?

    <p>Conserves body water and regulates tonicity of body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the secretion of ADH?

    <p>Decrease in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxytocin in breast development?

    <p>It has no role in breast development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased GH levels on the body?

    <p>It increases blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of GH on the metabolism of proteins and fats?

    <p>It increases protein synthesis and fat breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of oxytocin on the breast?

    <p>Helps in the expression of milk from breast alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased GH levels on the body?

    <p>Increased insulin resistance and hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of GH synthesis and secretion?

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for ADH secretion?

    <p>Decreased blood volume or cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of ADH on the kidneys?

    <p>Stimulates water reabsorption from the distal renal tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of GH on protein metabolism?

    <p>Stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of GH on fat metabolism?

    <p>Stimulates lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the secretion of TSH and prolactin?

    <p>Thyrotropin-releasing hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of GH hyposecretion?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of oxytocin synthesis?

    <p>Hypothalamic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)?

    <p>Stimulating LH and FSH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Somatostatin on GH secretion?

    <p>Inhibits GH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates the synthesis and release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

    <p>Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target tissue for Prolactin (PRL)?

    <p>Breasts and Gonads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the anterior pituitary gland produce Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)?

    <p>Corticotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)?

    <p>Stimulates ACTH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates the synthesis and release of GH?

    <p>Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the population of Somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>40-50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of GH on the size of cells?

    <p>Increases the size of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates the synthesis and release of Prolactin (PRL)?

    <p>Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which Growth Hormone enhances protein synthesis?

    <p>By enhancing AA transport across the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of increased Growth Hormone levels on fat metabolism?

    <p>Increased breakdown of fatty acids from adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Somatomedins in mediating Growth Hormone's effects on growth?

    <p>They are responsible for the direct growth-promoting effects of Growth Hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on glucose utilization in muscles and adipose tissue?

    <p>Decreased glucose uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stimulatory effect of catecholamines on Growth Hormone secretion?

    <p>They directly stimulate Growth Hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of prolonged starvation on Growth Hormone levels?

    <p>An increase in Growth Hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of GHRH in regulating Growth Hormone secretion?

    <p>It stimulates Growth Hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Growth Hormone and insulin in promoting growth?

    <p>Growth Hormone fails to promote growth in the absence of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic pattern of Growth Hormone secretion during deep sleep?

    <p>An increase in Growth Hormone levels during the first 2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on carbohydrate metabolism?

    <p>Decreased glucose uptake in muscles and adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following effects of Growth Hormone on protein metabolism is incorrect?

    <p>Increases protein catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which Somatomedins mediate Growth Hormone's effects on growth?

    <p>By promoting cell division and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of Growth Hormone secretion in children and adolescents?

    <p>20-40ng/ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which Growth Hormone regulates protein synthesis in muscles?

    <p>By stimulating the release of Somatomedins, which then stimulate protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones inhibits Growth Hormone secretion?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for regulating the synthesis and release of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)?

    <p>Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on fat metabolism?

    <p>Increases FA breakdown from adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the secretion of TSH and Prolactin?

    <p>TRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on fat metabolism in adipose tissue?

    <p>It stimulates the release of lipases, which break down triglycerides into fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates the synthesis and release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Prolactin?

    <p>Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on carbohydrate metabolism?

    <p>Decreases glucose utilization in muscles and adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stimulator of Growth Hormone secretion?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Somatomedins in mediating Growth Hormone's effects on growth?

    <p>They stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on carbohydrate metabolism in muscles?

    <p>It decreases the uptake of glucose into muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic pattern of Growth Hormone secretion during deep sleep?

    <p>Rises in the 1st 2h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of GHRH on Growth Hormone secretion?

    <p>Stimulates Growth Hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of Growth Hormone synthesis and secretion?

    <p>Anterior pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Growth Hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) in regulating Growth Hormone secretion?

    <p>It stimulates the synthesis and release of Growth Hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Growth Hormone on protein metabolism in muscles?

    <p>It stimulates the synthesis of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Growth Hormone and insulin in promoting growth?

    <p>Growth Hormone and insulin have synergistic effects on growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of GH on protein synthesis in muscles?

    <p>Enhances protein synthesis by stimulating the pi3k/Akt pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Somatomedins in mediating GH's effects on growth?

    <p>Mediating the effects of GH on bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is GH synthesized and secreted?

    <p>Anterior pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the secretion of ACTH?

    <p>Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the secretion of TSH and Prolactin?

    <p>Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of GH on fat metabolism?

    <p>Stimulates lipolysis and increases fat breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of GH on glucose utilization in muscles and adipose tissue?

    <p>Decreases glucose utilization in muscles and adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which GH enhances protein synthesis?

    <p>Activating the pi3k/Akt pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of increased GH levels on fat metabolism?

    <p>Increased lipolysis and fat breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of GHRH in regulating GH secretion?

    <p>Stimulates GH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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