Hypothalamus-Pituitary Axis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Corticotrophs in the pituitary gland?

  • Stimulating the thyroid gland
  • Controlling lactation
  • Regulating growth and development
  • Producing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (correct)

    • Which hormone released by the hypothalamus stimulates the release of TSH and prolactin from the anterior pituitary?

  • Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
  • Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
  • Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) (correct)

    • What is the effect of somatostatin on growth hormone secretion?

  • Stimulates GH secretion
  • Inhibits GH secretion (correct)
  • Increases the synthesis of GH
  • Has no effect on GH secretion

    • Which of the following is NOT a target tissue for growth hormone?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of pituitary cells that produce prolactin?

    <p>10-15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of thyrotrophs in the pituitary gland?

    <p>Stimulating the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of LH and FSH?

    <p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of growth hormone on the body?

    <p>It increases the size of cells and stimulates mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of pituitary cells that produce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

    <p>15-20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)?

    <p>Stimulates GH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which growth hormone exerts its effects on growth?

    <p>Somatomedins (IGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of growth hormone on protein metabolism?

    <p>Increased synthesis of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of growth hormone on fat metabolism?

    <p>Increased breakdown of fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of growth hormone on carbohydrate metabolism?

    <p>Decreased uptake of glucose by cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for growth hormone to cause growth?

    <p>Both glucose and insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical rate of growth hormone secretion in children and adolescents?

    <p>6ng/ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a stimulus for growth hormone secretion?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of GHRH in growth hormone regulation?

    <p>Stimulation of growth hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of growth hormone on blood glucose levels?

    <p>Increased blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition of excessive growth hormone secretion leading to excessive growth?

    <p>Gigantism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the height of Chandra Bahadur Dangi from Nepal?

    <p>21 and a half inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased levels of GH?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical composition of oxytocin?

    <p>Nonapeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of oxytocin on the uterus?

    <p>It powerfully stimulates the gravid uterus toward end of gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ADH in the body?

    <p>It conserves body water and regulates tonicity of body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ADH on arterioles at higher concentration?

    <p>It constricts them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the secretion of ADH?

    <p>Decrease in blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hemorrhage on ADH secretion?

    <p>It stimulates ADH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of activities that increase blood pressure on ADH secretion?

    <p>They suppress ADH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between ADH and blood pressure?

    <p>ADH regulates blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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