Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the condition that leads to coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripherical artery disease (PAD) due to a build-up of plaque in the blood vessels?
What is the condition that leads to coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripherical artery disease (PAD) due to a build-up of plaque in the blood vessels?
Which type of plaque is characterized by the presence of Ca++ and can harden over time, reducing blood flow and oxygen supply?
Which type of plaque is characterized by the presence of Ca++ and can harden over time, reducing blood flow and oxygen supply?
What happens when the fibrous cap of the plaque ruptures, leading to the formation of a blood clot that blocks the artery, potentially causing a heart attack or stroke?
What happens when the fibrous cap of the plaque ruptures, leading to the formation of a blood clot that blocks the artery, potentially causing a heart attack or stroke?
What important function does cholesterol serve related to digestion, hormone synthesis, and cell membranes?
What important function does cholesterol serve related to digestion, hormone synthesis, and cell membranes?
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Which lipoprotein is composed of apoprotein B-100 + cholesterol?
Which lipoprotein is composed of apoprotein B-100 + cholesterol?
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What is the main form of fat from our diet and is needed for long-term energy storage?
What is the main form of fat from our diet and is needed for long-term energy storage?
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Which drug blocks the absorption of dietary cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine?
Which drug blocks the absorption of dietary cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine?
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Which drug inhibits triglyceride lipolysis in adipose tissue, decreasing fatty acid uptake by the liver to decrease hepatic VLDL-triglyceride synthesis?
Which drug inhibits triglyceride lipolysis in adipose tissue, decreasing fatty acid uptake by the liver to decrease hepatic VLDL-triglyceride synthesis?
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What is the function of Atorvastatin, Pravastatin, and Rosuvastatin?
What is the function of Atorvastatin, Pravastatin, and Rosuvastatin?
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What is the adverse effect of vitamins B3 (Niacin)?
What is the adverse effect of vitamins B3 (Niacin)?
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What is the primary function of Omega-3 fatty acids?
What is the primary function of Omega-3 fatty acids?
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What is recognized by the LDL receptors on cell surfaces that allow the lipoproteins to enter?
What is recognized by the LDL receptors on cell surfaces that allow the lipoproteins to enter?
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Which drug inhibits the hepatic uptake of Ap AI, thus increasing HDL while reducing LDL and triglycerides?
Which drug inhibits the hepatic uptake of Ap AI, thus increasing HDL while reducing LDL and triglycerides?
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Which drug excretes bile salt, cholesterol, and other fats, leading to a decrease in LDL?
Which drug excretes bile salt, cholesterol, and other fats, leading to a decrease in LDL?
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Study Notes
- Atherosclerosis is a condition that causes damage to blood vessels, leading to coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Damage can be due to smoking, infection, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
- Plaque build-up in vessels results from damage, causing reduction in blood flow and oxygen supply.
- Stable plaque contains calcium and hardens over time, while unstable plaque is more dangerous and can rupture, causing a blood clot and blocking the artery, leading to heart attack, stroke, or aneurysm.
- Cholesterol is a lipid essential for digesting dietary fats, synthesizing steroid hormones, and creating cell membranes, myelin sheaths, and bile salts.
- Lipoproteins are a combination of apoproteins and cholesterol, with different densities and functions. VLDL, LDL, and HDL are the main types.
- Hypolipidemic drugs are used to lower cholesterol levels and prevent atherosclerosis.
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors block the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, reducing cholesterol synthesis and increasing receptor-mediated uptake, leading to LDL levels decline.
- Cholesterol absorption inhibitors such as ezetimibe and bile acid sequestrants prevent the absorption of dietary cholesterol and bile salts, reducing LDL levels.
- Fibric acid derivatives like gemfibrozil and fenofibrate decrease triglyceride levels while increasing HDL.
- Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, inhibits the hepatic uptake of Ap AI, increasing HDL and reducing LDL and triglycerides.
- Fish oil derivatives containing omega-3 fatty acids reduce plasma triglyceride levels.
- Hypolipidemic drugs have various side effects including myalgia, myopathy, GI problems, insomnia, photosensitivity, and diabetes.
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Description
Test your knowledge of hypolipidemic drugs and atherosclerosis, a condition that leads to coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Learn about the causes, effects, and types of plaque in blood vessels.
