38 Questions
What is a significant daily weight change that indicates fluid loss or gain of 1 liter?
2 lbs
In the context of fluid intake and output, what does 'input' include?
All liquids consumed orally, intravenously, or through other routes
Which condition would warrant immediate referral if urine output falls below a certain level?
Urine output below 30cc/hr
What is NOT considered as a component of fluid output in the context of fluid intake and output?
Oral fluid intake
Which of the following medical conditions would NOT typically cause physiological stress according to the text?
Chronic illness
What is a common indicator of fluid status according to the text?
Daily weights
Which of the following is NOT part of the components of 'input' in the context of fluid intake and output?
'Output' from wound drainage
What does a daily weight change of more than 2.2 lbs in 24 hours indicate?
Fluid gain or loss of 1 liter
What is one of the types of IV therapy solutions mentioned in the text?
Isotonic
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method of fluid replacement in the text?
Intramuscular injection
What is a potential consequence of too rapid or excessive infusion of any IV fluid?
Serious problems
Which type of therapy involves crystalloids and colloids?
IV Therapy
What are crystalloids in IV therapy primarily composed of?
Electrolytes
What is a key aspect of Enteral Replacement of Fluids mentioned in the text?
Oral administration
Which type of solution has the same osmotic pressure as blood cells?
Isotonic
What equipment is typically used for intravenous therapy?
Vascular access devices, IV fluid containers, and infusion pumps
What is a common complication associated with intravenous therapy?
Fluid overload
What is autologous transfusion?
Transfusing a patient's own blood
What is an example of a vascular access device?
IV catheter
Which of the following is NOT a complication of intravenous therapy?
Hypertension
What is the purpose of an electronic infusion device (EID) in intravenous therapy?
To regulate the infusion flow
What action is involved in maintaining the integrity of an IV system?
Keeping the system sterile and intact
What should be done when discontinuing peripheral IV access?
Apply pressure to stop any bleeding at the site.
What is Third Space Syndrome characterized by?
Fluid shifting from vascular space to an inaccessible space
Which hormone is the primary regulator of fluid intake in the body?
Thirst Mechanism
What are the sources of Insensible water loss?
Skin perspiration, lungs, and G.I. tract
Which system is NOT involved in the hormonal regulation of body fluids?
Thirst Mechanism
What causes Third Space Syndrome according to the text?
Fluid shifting from vascular space to an inaccessible space
How much urine output do the kidneys produce per day?
~1500 ml
Which condition is NOT listed as a factor affecting fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance?
Pregnancy
What are the main components of fluid balance according to the text?
~Fluid intake, fluid distribution, fluid output
What happens to a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution?
It shrinks (crenates) as water moves out of the cell.
What is the main effect of hydrostatic pressure?
Presses water against confining walls.
Which solution is considered hypotonic?
0.9% NaCl
What is measured by osmolarity?
Number of osmoles/1L of water
What is the normal range for osmolality?
275-295 mOsm/L
Which fluid has a 'water-pushing' effect?
Albumin
What is the effect of a hypertonic solution on cells?
Leads to cell dehydration
Test your knowledge on how hypertonic solutions with high solute concentration cause shrinkage (crenation) of red blood cells as water moves by osmosis out of the cell. Explore the effects of different types of intravenous fluids on cellular dehydration and fluid overload scenarios.
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