Questions and Answers
What is a concentration gradient?
The process of particles moving through a solution from an area of higher number of particles to an area of lower number of particles.
What is dynamic equilibrium?
A system in a steady state since forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate.
What is a hypertonic solution?
A solution causing water to move out of the cell because there is a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside.
What is a hypotonic solution?
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What is an isotonic solution?
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What is the plasma membrane?
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What is the structure of the plasma membrane?
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What is the function of the plasma membrane?
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What is osmosis?
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What distinguishes rough ER from smooth ER?
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Which of the following structures help with cell movement? (Select all that apply)
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Which statements are part of cell theory? (Select all that apply)
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What is diffusion?
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What is passive transport?
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What is active transport?
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What is endocytosis?
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What is exocytosis?
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Why is cholesterol important in the plasma membrane?
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What is the hydrophilic portion of the plasma membrane?
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What is the hydrophobic portion of the plasma membrane?
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Study Notes
Concentration Gradient
- Particles move from areas of high particle concentration to areas of low concentration, typically across a membrane.
Dynamic Equilibrium
- A steady state in which forward and backward reactions occur at equal rates.
Hypertonic Solution
- Causes water to exit the cell due to a higher concentration of solutes outside than inside.
Hypotonic Solution
- Leads to excessive water entering the cell, resulting from a lower concentration of solutes outside compared to inside.
Isotonic Solution
- Water molecules enter and exit the cell at the same rate, maintaining the cell's normal shape.
Plasma Membrane
- Acts as the boundary between the cell and its environment, regulating the movement of substances in and out.
Plasma Membrane Structure
- Composed of two back-to-back layers of phospholipids, with phosphate groups attached.
Plasma Membrane Function
- Essential for regulating what enters and leaves the cell.
Osmosis
- Movement of water through a plasma membrane from low to high solute concentration, classified as passive transport and requires no energy.
Rough vs. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, giving it a "rough" appearance.
Structures Supporting Cell Movement
- Microtubules, flagella, and cilia facilitate cell movement and mobility.
Cell Theory
- States that all cells arise from pre-existing cells, all living organisms are composed of cells, and cells are the fundamental units of life.
Diffusion
- Passive movement of particles from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration.
Passive Transport
- The process of diffusion that does not require energy.
Active Transport
- Requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
Endocytosis
- The process of particles moving into the cell.
Exocytosis
- The process of particles moving out of the cell.
Importance of Cholesterol in Plasma Membrane
- Cholesterol is vital for building and maintaining cell membranes, regulating permeability and fluidity at various temperatures.
Hydrophilic Portion of Plasma Membrane
- Refers to the head of the phospholipid, which is water-attracting.
Hydrophobic Portion of Plasma Membrane
- Consists of the two tails of the phospholipid, which repel water.
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