Hypertensive Emergencies: Immediate Therapy and Risks
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended lower limit for blood pressure reduction in hypertensive emergencies?

  • 40% below MAP
  • 10% below MAP
  • 30% below MAP
  • 25% below MAP (correct)
  • Which medication is known for its predominant venodilation at low infusion rates and significant arteriolar dilation at higher dosages?

  • Nitroglycerin (correct)
  • D5W
  • Nifedipine
  • Nitroprusside
  • What is the potential complication associated with rapid reductions in blood pressure according to the text?

  • Hypertensive urgency
  • Cerebral and myocardial ischemia (correct)
  • Altered cerebral autoregulation
  • Increased oxygen extraction
  • Which therapy is known for its arteriolar and venous dilation properties in the context of lowering blood pressure?

    <p>Nitroprusside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Nitroglycerin at low infusion rates?

    <p>Venodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition warrants urgent therapy according to the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of HBP?

    <p>End-organ disease progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective in treating hypertensive emergencies?

    <p>To lower blood pressure within 1 hour to decrease morbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic hypertension...

    <p>Increases the risk of atherosclerosis, MI, and CVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of hypertensive emergencies?

    <p>A rapid decompensation of vital organ function due to elevated BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does endothelial function play in blood pressure homeostasis?

    <p>Secretion of vasodilators like nitric oxide (NO) and Prostacyclin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might previous normotensives develop signs and symptoms of hypertensive emergencies at lower blood pressure levels?

    <p>Because of adaptive vascular changes protecting end organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk of aggressive treatment of acute hypertension?

    <p>Increased morbidity and mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hypertensive emergencies, what does CPP stand for?

    <p>Cerebral Perfusion Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a hypertensive emergency?

    <p><strong>Chronic hypertension</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual contraindication to Labetalol?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is largely outmoded for acute therapy except in pre-eclampsia/eclampsia?

    <p>Hydralazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of Diazoxide when given as a bolus?

    <p>Cerebral and myocardial ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Clonidine?

    <p>Central alpha-agonist; Decreases sympathetic tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with Hypertensive Encephalopathy, what symptom typically resolves with the reduction of blood pressure?

    <p>Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Nimodipine in subarachnoid hemorrhages?

    <p>Prevent cerebrovascular vasospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which situation may arise from acute lowering of blood pressure in Ischemic CVA cases?

    <p>Increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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