Hypertensive Emergencies: Immediate Therapy and Risks
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of distinguishing hypertensive presentations that require immediate therapy?

  • To decrease morbidity and mortality (correct)
  • To identify chronic hypertension cases
  • To understand the risks associated with hypertension
  • To decide on appropriate antihypertensive treatments

    • What is NOT considered a hypertensive emergency?

  • Chronic Hypertension (correct)
  • High BP without acute end-organ dysfunction
  • Eclampsia and Catechol excess
  • Cerebral Blood Flow abnormalities

    • What defines a hypertensive emergency according to the text?

  • The chronic nature of high blood pressure
  • The presence of atherosclerosis
  • Imminent compromise of vital organ function (correct)
  • A specific blood pressure level

    • In hypertensive emergencies, what can aggressive treatment potentially lead to?

    <p>Increased mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition does NOT fall under the category of Hypertensive Emergencies according to the text?

    <p>Stable angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chronic hypertension affect the likelihood of a hypertensive emergency?

    <p>Lowers the probability of acute changes in BP leading to emergencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does endothelial function play in blood pressure homeostasis?

    <p>Secretion of vasodilators like Nitric Oxide (NO) and Prostacyclin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological response is a Hypertensive Pseudoemergency characterized by?

    <p>'Breakthrough' vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a common misconception when treating high blood pressure emergencies?

    <p>'Essential hypertension' being the primary cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized in the cases presented in the text?

    <p>The importance of immediate therapy for high blood pressure cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial guideline for lowering blood pressure in hypertensive emergencies?

    <p>Gradually lower BP by no more than 20% over the first 1 to 2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of rapid reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive emergencies?

    <p>Blindness, paralysis, coma, or death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known for causing potential cyanide or thiocyanate toxicity with prolonged infusion?

    <p>Nitroprusside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual dosage range for Nitroprusside in hypertensive emergencies?

    <p>0.5-8 µg/kg/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Nitroglycerin when used in the management of hypertension complicated by heart failure or cardiac ischemia?

    <p>Potential hypotension and end-organ hypoperfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk associated with Nifedipine when used in hypertensive emergencies?

    <p>Reduced cerebral autoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action of sublingual Nifedipine?

    <p>2-6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is largely outmoded for acute therapy, except in preeclampsia/eclampsia?

    <p>Hydralazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual contraindication to β-blockade when using Labetalol?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is a direct vasodilator with renal artery vasodilation and natriuretic properties?

    <p>Fenoldopam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hypertensive encephalopathy, what signs or symptoms typically resolve with a reduction in blood pressure?

    <p>Headache, nausea, vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition should be differentiated from a hypertensive crisis?

    <p>Acute anxiety with hyperventilation syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological response to increased intracranial pressure in intracerebral hemorrhage?

    <p>Decrease in blood pressure may raise ICP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommendation for SBP in patients with Intracranial Hemorrhages according to NSA guidelines?

    <p>Greater than 220mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered 'standard' therapy for Preeclampsia?

    <p>Labetalol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical characteristic is typical of a hypertensive crisis?

    <p>Oliguria, azotemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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