26 Questions
What is the primary objective of distinguishing hypertensive presentations that require immediate therapy?
To decrease morbidity and mortality
What is NOT considered a hypertensive emergency?
Chronic Hypertension
What defines a hypertensive emergency according to the text?
Imminent compromise of vital organ function
In hypertensive emergencies, what can aggressive treatment potentially lead to?
Increased mortality
Which condition does NOT fall under the category of Hypertensive Emergencies according to the text?
Stable angina
How does chronic hypertension affect the likelihood of a hypertensive emergency?
Lowers the probability of acute changes in BP leading to emergencies
What role does endothelial function play in blood pressure homeostasis?
Secretion of vasodilators like Nitric Oxide (NO) and Prostacyclin
What physiological response is a Hypertensive Pseudoemergency characterized by?
'Breakthrough' vasodilation
What is considered a common misconception when treating high blood pressure emergencies?
'Essential hypertension' being the primary cause
What is emphasized in the cases presented in the text?
The importance of immediate therapy for high blood pressure cases
What is the initial guideline for lowering blood pressure in hypertensive emergencies?
Gradually lower BP by no more than 20% over the first 1 to 2 hours
What is a potential complication of rapid reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive emergencies?
Blindness, paralysis, coma, or death
Which medication is known for causing potential cyanide or thiocyanate toxicity with prolonged infusion?
Nitroprusside
What is the usual dosage range for Nitroprusside in hypertensive emergencies?
0.5-8 µg/kg/min
What is a characteristic of Nitroglycerin when used in the management of hypertension complicated by heart failure or cardiac ischemia?
Potential hypotension and end-organ hypoperfusion
What is a risk associated with Nifedipine when used in hypertensive emergencies?
Reduced cerebral autoregulation
What is the duration of action of sublingual Nifedipine?
2-6 hours
Which medication is largely outmoded for acute therapy, except in preeclampsia/eclampsia?
Hydralazine
What is the usual contraindication to β-blockade when using Labetalol?
Hypotension
Which agent is a direct vasodilator with renal artery vasodilation and natriuretic properties?
Fenoldopam
In hypertensive encephalopathy, what signs or symptoms typically resolve with a reduction in blood pressure?
Headache, nausea, vomiting
Which condition should be differentiated from a hypertensive crisis?
Acute anxiety with hyperventilation syndrome
What is the physiological response to increased intracranial pressure in intracerebral hemorrhage?
Decrease in blood pressure may raise ICP
What is the recommendation for SBP in patients with Intracranial Hemorrhages according to NSA guidelines?
Greater than 220mm Hg
What is considered 'standard' therapy for Preeclampsia?
Labetalol
Which clinical characteristic is typical of a hypertensive crisis?
Oliguria, azotemia
Learn to identify hypertensive emergencies that require immediate treatment, understand appropriate therapies for each presentation, and weigh the risks of treatment. Explore cases like embolic CVA, hemorrhagic CVA, aortic dissection, and hypertension in pregnant females.
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