Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the Michigan Model emphasize in human resource management?
What does the Michigan Model emphasize in human resource management?
- Soft HRM practices
- Stakeholder engagement
- Alignment with business strategy (correct)
- Employee autonomy
Which of the following is NOT a key principle of the Michigan Model?
Which of the following is NOT a key principle of the Michigan Model?
- Recruitment and selection
- Employee empowerment (correct)
- Performance and monitoring
- Development and training
How is the Harvard Model primarily characterized in terms of HRM approach?
How is the Harvard Model primarily characterized in terms of HRM approach?
- Hard HRM focused on cost reduction
- Autocratic HRM for strict compliance
- Result-driven HRM with high control
- Soft HRM emphasizing human elements (correct)
Who developed the Michigan Model of HRM?
Who developed the Michigan Model of HRM?
In the context of the Michigan Model, how are employees viewed?
In the context of the Michigan Model, how are employees viewed?
What type of leadership style is associated with the Michigan Model?
What type of leadership style is associated with the Michigan Model?
Which of the following describes the Harvard Model's view on stakeholders?
Which of the following describes the Harvard Model's view on stakeholders?
What is a primary focus of the Michigan Model in HRM?
What is a primary focus of the Michigan Model in HRM?
What is the primary goal of a system according to the systemic approach?
What is the primary goal of a system according to the systemic approach?
Who outlined the General Systems Theory (GST)?
Who outlined the General Systems Theory (GST)?
What does the phrase 'the whole is greater than the sum of its parts' imply in the context of systems?
What does the phrase 'the whole is greater than the sum of its parts' imply in the context of systems?
Which of the following best describes the organization as a sociotechnical system?
Which of the following best describes the organization as a sociotechnical system?
In HRM models, what is the significance of a model?
In HRM models, what is the significance of a model?
What is a common process that different systems go through?
What is a common process that different systems go through?
How does General Systems Theory relate to different fields of science?
How does General Systems Theory relate to different fields of science?
What characteristic distinguishes inputs and outputs within a system?
What characteristic distinguishes inputs and outputs within a system?
Flashcards
System
System
A set of interconnected parts working towards a common goal.
General Systems Theory
General Systems Theory
A theory that complex systems share common principles that can be studied.
Open System (Organization)
Open System (Organization)
A company that interacts with its environment, taking resources and releasing products or services.
Sociotechnical System
Sociotechnical System
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HRM (Human Resource Management)
HRM (Human Resource Management)
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Model (HRM)
Model (HRM)
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"Whole is greater than the sum of its parts"
"Whole is greater than the sum of its parts"
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Input/Process/Output
Input/Process/Output
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Michigan Model (HRM)
Michigan Model (HRM)
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Harvard Model (HRM)
Harvard Model (HRM)
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Hard HRM
Hard HRM
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Soft HRM
Soft HRM
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Human Resource Cycle (in Michigan Model)
Human Resource Cycle (in Michigan Model)
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HRM Model
HRM Model
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Michigan Model - Matching
Michigan Model - Matching
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Harvard Model - Multiple Stakeholders
Harvard Model - Multiple Stakeholders
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Study Notes
Human Resources Management Techniques I
- The course is titled "Human Resources Management Techniques I", and is part of Unit 0-2.
- The professor is Zulema Nacimiento, PhD, from the University of Huelva.
The Systemic Approach and HRM Models
- This unit covers the systemic approach to Human Resource Management (HRM).
- The study of organizations as systems, looking at the interaction of various components.
What is a System?
- A system is a group of interconnected parts working toward a common goal.
- Systems can be made up of subsystems, which are highly integrated.
- Systems have inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback loops.
- These elements interact to achieve a desired outcome.
General Systems Theory (GST or ST)
- GST, developed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy in 1968, proposes that complex systems share organizing principles.
- These principles can be identified and modeled mathematically.
- The theory aims to generalize how systems function across various scientific fields.
- A key concept of GST is that "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts."
- Illustrated with the example of baking a cake—the final product is more than just the individual ingredients.
Organization as an Open System
- Organizations are open systems, interacting with their environment—inputs (raw materials, resources) are processed, outputs (products, services) result, and feedback loops are created.
- Environmental factors include various inputs and outputs like raw materials, human resources, capital, technology, information, products, services, financial results, information, and human results.
Organization as a Sociotechnical System
- Organizations combine technology (tasks, equipment, arrangements) and the social system (interpersonal relationships of employees).
- These two systems are constantly interacting and influencing each other.
HRM as a Central Subsystem
- HRM plays a central role within an organization.
- It's connected to other subsystems like finance, marketing, and technical in an enterprise.
HRM Models
- Models are prototypes or abstractions of reality in HRM.
- Two important models are the Michigan Model and the Harvard Model.
The Michigan Model
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Also known as the matching model or best-fit approach.
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Focuses on fitting HR strategies to overall business strategies.
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Developed at the Michigan Business School in 1984 by Fornbun, Tichy & Devanna.
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Emphasizes hard HRM and business strategy.
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Matches employees to business needs.
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Outlines the human resource cycle including recruitment, selection, performance, reward, and development.
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The model accounts for important factors such as:
- Economic forces
- Political forces
- Organization structure
- Mission and strategy
- Cultural forces
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Focuses on reducing costs as a route to success.
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Employee strategic control and systems in managing people.
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HRM role in improving organization's competitive advantage.
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Advantages: Cost-effective, minimal training investment; faster decision-making by senior management. Less employee participation.
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Disadvantages: Demotivating for employees, no skill or ability considerations, high staff absenteeism and turnover, ineffective recruitment, and doesn’t consider stakeholder interests.
The Harvard Model
- Often called the "map of HRM territory."
- Proposed by Beer in 1984 at Harvard University.
- Recognizes multiple stakeholders in the organization.
- Focuses on the human or soft side of HRM.
- Viewed as "soft HRM," focusing on long-term success.
- Advantages: High employee participation and encouragement of motivation, commitment, and empowerment. High productivity, strong employee relationships, easy communication and teamwork. Fair opportunity for all individuals.
- Disadvantages: High cost of training, wage increases, delay in decision-making.
Aims of Michigan and Harvard Models
- The models aim to effectively utilize HRM to meet organizational objectives, ensuring efficient use of human capital in reaching company goals.
Summary of the General Systems Theory
- The General Systems Theory, developed by von Bertalanffy in 1968, establishes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
- This theory enables a deeper understanding of complex systems, including organizations.
- The theory explains how organizations are made up of various parts that work together to achieve a common goal. The human resources subsystem is of importance as employees and the workforce are the most important resource in an organization.
- HRM models like the Michigan and Harvard models allow strategic use of human resources to improve company performance and effectiveness.
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Description
Explore the systemic approach to Human Resource Management in this quiz based on Unit 0-2 of the course. Understand the interaction of various components within organizations as systems and learn about General Systems Theory's implications for HRM.