Human Growth and Development Overview

Changes in the organism as a whole, encompassing physical, emotional, and intellectual transformations.

Refers to an increase in body size and organ mass, typically driven by cell multiplication and growth.

The ability of individuals to adapt and change throughout their lives, influenced by experiences.

Development is a continuous journey that involves both gains and losses throughout life.

Development encompasses changes in various areas, including physical, cognitive, social, and emotional.

Changes in physical characteristics like height, weight, motor skills, sensory abilities, and disease vulnerability.

Changes in cognitive abilities like intelligence, problem-solving, memory, and language.

Changes in emotions, self-perception, and relationships with others, including family, peers, and friends.

Human development follows a predictable pattern, moving from the head downwards and from the center of the body outwards.

Development progresses from the center of the body outwards, meaning control over muscles and limbs develops from the core to the extremities.

Growth refers to physical changes in size and measurements, while development encompasses overall changes in skills, abilities, and knowledge.

Growth is a continuous process that is sequential and orderly, meaning it follows a specific pattern and occurs in stages.

Growth generally refers to increases in physical size, such as height and weight.

Development encompasses changes in abilities and knowledge, like learning to walk or talk.

Growth stops when the body reaches full maturity, while development continues lifelong.

Growth is driven by cell multiplication, while development is influenced by both biological and environmental factors.

The period from birth to two years of age, marked by rapid growth, development, and transformation from a helpless infant to a walking, talking toddler.

The years between two and six, a period of intense learning and development, including language acquisition, self-discovery, and understanding the physical world.

From six to the onset of puberty, this stage focuses on school involvement, developing academic skills, comparing oneself to others, and solidifying a sense of self.

The period from puberty until about 18, marked by significant physical changes, including puberty, as well as cognitive changes, like thinking about abstract concepts and exploring one's identity.

A time period between adolescence and full adulthood (18-25), where individuals are still exploring their options, gaining independence, and figuring out their place in the world.

The stage from roughly 25 to 40-45, characterized by establishing careers, building relationships, and potentially starting families.

The period from 40-45 to 60-65, marked by taking on more responsibilities, often at the peak of their careers and raising families.

The stage starting at 65 and onwards, where many experience retirement, changes in physical abilities, and a focus on family, personal interests, and reflecting on life.

Erik Erikson's theory explains how individuals navigate psychosocial crises at different stages of life.

These are psychological conflicts arising from the interaction between an individual's needs and the expectations of society, impacting their sense of identity and well-being.

The stages of development are not static but are influenced by individual experiences and choices, highlighting the importance of personal growth and adaptation.

Feeling a sense of peace and satisfaction after a fulfilling life, often experienced in late adulthood.

A state of intense regret, bitterness, and fear of the end of life, often felt in late adulthood if one feels unfulfilled.

The process of looking back on one's life and evaluating its meaning and accomplishments.

The stage where people reflect on their life achievements, seeking a sense of fulfillment and acceptance.

During this stage, children develop a sense of self-efficacy and learn to assert their power and control over the environment. Successful navigation leads to a sense of purpose, while failure results in feelings of guilt and doubt.

This stage emphasizes the development of competence and a sense of accomplishment through social interactions and academic endeavors. Children learn to feel pride in their abilities. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure contributes to feelings of inferiority.

During this stage, adolescents grapple with the development of a strong sense of self and personal identity. They explore their independence and beliefs, seeking to understand who they are. Successful completion leads to a strong sense of self and feelings of independence, while failure contributes to confusion and insecurity.

This stage emphasizes the importance of making an individual contribution to society. It focuses on finding a sense of purpose and belonging within the community.

This stage centers around the individual's focus on leaving a lasting legacy and contributing to the world. It involves reflecting on one's life and finding meaning in one's accomplishments.

This stage focuses on the development of trust in the world and the caregivers. It is crucial to foster a sense of security and safety in infancy, as it forms the basis for future relationships.

This stage emphasizes the development of autonomy and independence. Children learn to control their impulses and develop a sense of self-control.