29 Questions
What is a common practice in cross-cultural research?
Comparing groups from different countries or subcultures within the same country
Why is cross-cultural research crucial to developmental psychology?
To identify universal changes and improve lives
What is a goal of developmentalists in cross-cultural research?
To identify predictable events or processes that individuals in all cultures experience
What is the significance of cross-cultural research in improving lives?
It helps to understand how adults in cultures that prioritize community over the individual teach cooperation
What can be a limitation of studies involving North Americans and Europeans?
They may not be applicable globally
What is a characteristic of cross-cultural research?
It involves combining data from multiple studies
Why is it important to understand cultural differences in developmental psychology?
To identify specific variables that account for cultural differences
What is a challenge of making general statements about development?
It may not be applicable to all cultures
What is an example of a comparison that might be made in cross-cultural research?
Comparing children from different ethnic groups within the same country
What is a significance of Canada in the context of cross-cultural research?
It was the first country to officially adopt multiculturalism as a policy
What is a key limitation of longitudinal studies in understanding human development?
Participant attrition, practice effects, and bias towards healthier and better-educated participants
What is the advantage of sequential design over cross-sectional and longitudinal designs?
Allows for two types of comparisons at each testing point beyond the first
What is a limitation of longitudinal studies in terms of generalizability?
Studies conducted in the past may be influenced by unique factors pertaining to that specific group or time
What is a potential source of bias in longitudinal studies, especially in studies spanning the later decades of life?
The healthiest and best-educated participants are most likely to remain in the study
What is the purpose of the Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP)?
To oversee several projects, including the Quebec Study of Newborn Twins (QSNT), the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (QLSKC), and the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD)
Which process explains how an organism learns to repeat or stop behaviors due to their consequences?
operant conditioning
What is the term for a pattern of inheritance affected by both genes and the environment?
multifactorial inheritance
Which theory uses memory processing to explain developmental stages?
information-processing theory
How is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inherited?
From the mother's egg
What are proteins composed of?
Amino acids
What is a predictive-adaptive response?
The ability to anticipate and adjust to future environmental conditions
What does observational learning, or modelling, result from?
Seeing a behavior reinforced or punished
Which of these terms refers to an individual's whole set of observable characteristics?
Phenotype
What is the role of protein-coding genes?
To direct the production of proteins
Which concept involves the interaction of personal, behavioral, and environmental factors in development?
Reciprocal determinism
What is the role of scaffolding in the learning of new cognitive skills?
Guiding the learning of new cognitive skills.
What is the relationship between self-efficacy and an individual's ability to perform a task?
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's own capacity to perform a task.
What is the significance of the zone of proximal development in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?
It signifies tasks that are too hard for a child to do alone but that can be managed with guidance.
What is the primary function of the superego in Freud's theory of personality?
The moral judge.
Explore the concept of continuity and discontinuity in human development, including quantitative and qualitative changes. Understand how relationships change with age and the characteristics that define them.
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