Human-Computer Interaction: Principles and UX
41 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the primary focus of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) as a field of study?

  • Developing advanced algorithms and software applications.
  • Optimizing network infrastructure for faster data transmission.
  • Designing computer technology and the interactions between humans and computers. (correct)
  • Analyzing the hardware components of computer systems.

In the context of HCI, what is the significance of 'human factors' or 'ergonomics'?

  • It involves the development of new programming languages for software development.
  • It deals with the economic aspects of producing computer technology.
  • It studies human capabilities, limitations, and performance to design efficient and safe systems. (correct)
  • It focuses on improving the aesthetic appeal of computer hardware.

A software company is developing a new application. Considering the principles of HCI, which approach should they prioritize to ensure the application's success?

  • Conducting thorough user research and usability testing to understand user needs and preferences. (correct)
  • Focusing solely on the application's functionality and technical specifications.
  • Minimizing development costs by using pre-built components and templates.
  • Implementing the latest technological features without considering user feedback.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four fundamental principles of HCI?

<p>Ethical Considerations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of applying HCI principles in the design of technology?

<p>To achieve efficient, effective, and safe interaction while putting people first. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A designer aims to evoke a sense of optimism in users interacting with a new personal finance application. According to Plutchik's wheel of emotions, which combination of basic emotions should the design primarily target?

<p>Anticipation and Joy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A product's design prioritizes ease of use, clear functionality, and intuitive interaction. According to the principles of good design, which level of emotional connection is most directly addressed?

<p>Behavioral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company designs a line of clothing made from recycled materials, emphasizing durability and timelessness. Which of the following emotional connection(s) with objects are they primarily targeting?

<p>Visceral and Reflective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is most closely related to a user finding a product reliable?

<p>Safety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A design team is brainstorming ways to enhance the 'reflective' aspect of a smart home device. Which of the following strategies would be most aligned with this goal?

<p>Allowing users to customize the device with their own photos and integrate it with a social platform showcasing their eco-conscious practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates Shneiderman's rule of 'Permit easy reversal of actions' in user interface design?

<p>An application allows users to 'undo' a recent change they made to a document. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Donald Norman, which of the following is the MOST important consideration when all other design principles fail?

<p>Standardizing the design. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of Norman's 6 concepts is primarily concerned with answering the user's question: "Why can’t I do that?"

<p>Constraints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A web form requires users to enter their phone number in a specific format (e.g., (XXX) XXX-XXXX). This is an example of what type of constraint?

<p>Logical Constraint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of employing 'consistency' in user interface design, according to Norman's principles?

<p>To leverage users' existing knowledge and reduce learning curves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the BEST example of 'feedback' in a user interface?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A user who has deep understanding of subject matter but struggles to navigate software has what combination of knowledge profiles?

<p>Novice Interface Knowledge and Expert Domain Knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sensory perception, what does 'frequency' primarily determine about light?

<p>Color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order that represents a scanpath?

<p>Fixations followed by Saccades (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of sound is most closely related to the physical intensity?

<p>Loudness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is somatosensory system responsible for?

<p>Touch, Temperature, Pain and body limb position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When considering the human body as a responder in HCI, what aspect of the body is MOST often related to the manipulation of input devices like mice and keyboards?

<p>Limbs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the role of 'perception' in the context of the brain's function in HCI?

<p>Interpreting and organizing sensory information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of human memory is most relevant to the fleeting recall of a phone number just heard?

<p>Echoic Memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is information primarily represented in long-term memory (LTM)?

<p>As changes in brain wiring - neurons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies retroactive interference in long-term memory?

<p>Struggling to remember your old phone number after learning a new one. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of HCI, what is the primary significance of understanding human language?

<p>To facilitate effective communication between humans and computers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'articulation' within the Abowd and Beale framework?

<p>The translation of the user's task into the system's input language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are natural mappings important in control-display relationships?

<p>They align with user expectations, making interactions more intuitive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using metaphors and mental models in interface design?

<p>To leverage users' existing knowledge and experiences to understand the interface. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the absence of a cursor on touchscreens affect direct manipulation?

<p>It simplifies direct manipulation by enabling direct interaction with the interface. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of HCI, what is the significance of shifting the blame away from the human in error analysis?

<p>It focuses on identifying and fixing the system's flaws that contribute to errors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'relevance bias' affect a user's ability to detect problems?

<p>It leads users to seek evidence that confirms their initial assumptions, overlooking contradictory evidence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a 'description error'?

<p>Intending to call a friend but accidentally calling your boss instead. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes a 'loss-of-activation error'?

<p>Failure of working memory causing one to forget the goal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of emotional design in HCI?

<p>To create products that elicit appropriate emotions to enhance user experience. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the postulates of evolution and emotional design, why are negative experiences important?

<p>They protect us from repeating mistakes by creating aversive associations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the 'Distribution of practice effect', explain how distributed learning enhances long-term memory retention compared to massed practice.

<p>Distributed learning introduces spacing that requires retrieval, strengthening memory traces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A user repeatedly enters the same incorrect password, even though they know the correct one. Which cognitive error is most likely occurring?

<p>Capture Error (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an understanding of basic emotions inform the design of persuasive technologies, and why is it important to consider ethical implications when leveraging these emotions?

<p>Understanding emotions allows designers to create more compelling and effective persuasive strategies, but ethical considerations are important to prevent manipulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

A field of study focusing on the design and interaction of computer technology with humans.

Human Factors (Ergonomics)

The study of human capabilities, limitations, and performance for system design.

User Experience (UX)

The overall experience a person has when interacting with a system.

Goals of HCI

To understand technology use and develop effective interaction methods.

Signup and view all the flashcards

4 Principles of HCI

Includes human and machine capabilities/limitations, interactions, and tasks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Total Time Hypothesis

The idea that amount learned relates to time spent learning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Basic Emotional Pairs

Combinations of opposing emotions that form the basis of emotional experiences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plutchik’s Wheel

A model that illustrates the combinations of primary emotions and their resulting feelings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Distributed Practice Effect

Learning is more effective when practice is spaced out over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decay

The gradual fading of memories over time if not reinforced.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visceral Design

Design focused on immediate emotional responses through appearance and feel.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Retroactive Interference

New information replaces old information in memory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Behavioral Design

Design concerning the usability and functionality of a product.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proactive Inhibition

Old memories interfere with the encoding of new information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A psychological theory that categorizes human needs from basic to self-fulfillment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Recognition

Identifying previously encountered information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Recall

The active reproduction of information from memory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Human Language

The mental faculty that enables communication among humans.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interaction

Engagement between humans and computing technology to accomplish tasks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Abowd and Beale Framework

A model consisting of user, input, system, and output components for interaction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Control-Display Relationships

The mapping between user actions and system responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Latency

The delay between an input action and the system's response.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Capture Errors

Automatic behaviors leading to mistakes due to habit.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Data-Driven Errors

Mistakes caused by unconscious interference from environmental data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Emotional Design

Creating products that evoke the right emotions for positive user experiences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Usability

Supports user objectives in easy-to-use ways.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Useful

Supports the objective of the user.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ISO 9241

Standards for ergonomics in office work with VDTs, focusing on effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Shneiderman’s 8 Golden Rules

Guidelines for user interface design to enhance usability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Affordances

Attributes that indicate how an object should be used.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Constraints

Ways to restrict user interaction temporarily.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Consistency

Designing interfaces with similar operations for similar tasks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mappings

Relationship between controls and their effects in the world.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visibility

Easier access to functions when they are visible.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Feedback

Information sent back about actions performed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

User Knowledge

Levels of familiarity with an interface or domain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sensory Systems

Systems that process sensory input: vision, hearing, touch, etc.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Perception

The brain's interpretation and organization of sensory input.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Long-term Memory

Information storage with virtually unlimited capacity and lifelong duration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

  • HCI is the study of designing computer technology and the interaction between humans and computers.
  • Originated in the early 1980s, initially a subfield of computer science, interweaving with cognitive science and human factors engineering.

Human Factors/Ergonomics

  • A foundation of HCI, studying human capabilities, limitations, and performance.
  • Focuses on designing systems that are efficient, safe, comfortable, and enjoyable.

User Experience (UX)

  • Central to HCI, emphasizing the user's overall experience with a system.

Principles of HCI

  • Goals: Understanding user interaction, creating effective systems, and ensuring safe and efficient interaction. Prioritizing the user.
  • Core Principles: Human capabilities/limitations, machine capabilities/limitations, interactions, and tasks.

Why HCI?

  • To make computer technology more usable and accessible. Many everyday products are not designed for optimal usability.

Usefulness & Usability

  • Useful: Supports the user's objective.
  • Usable: Facilitates achieving the user's objective in an easy way.

Design Rules

  • Design principles, guidelines, or standards for designers to follow.

ISO 9241

  • Original title: Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs).
  • Current title: Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction.
  • Key concepts: Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Satisfaction.

Shneiderman's 8 Golden Rules

  • Consistency
  • Shortcuts for frequent users
  • Informative feedback
  • Closure in dialogs
  • Error prevention and simple error handling
  • Easy action reversal
  • Support for internal locus of control
  • Reduced short-term memory load

Norman's 7 Principles

  • Use knowledge in the world AND in the head
  • Simplify tasks
  • Make things visible
  • Right mappings
  • Exploit constraints
  • Design for error
  • Standardize when necessary

6 Concepts of Norman's Principles

  • Affordances: Attributes suggesting how to use an object.
  • Constraints: Restrictions on interactions to guide users. (physical, semantic, cultural, logical)
  • Consistency/Conceptual Models: Similar operations and elements achieving similar tasks.
  • Mappings: Relationships between controls and effects.
  • Visibility: Clear indication of functions and actions.
  • Feedback: Information about system response to user actions.

User Knowledge

  • Interface Knowledge: Novice, first-time, knowledgeable intermittent, expert frequent users (varying levels of familiarity).
  • Domain Knowledge: Novice, first-time, knowledgeable intermittent, expert frequent users (varying levels of subject-matter expertise).

Sensors (Human Input)

  • Vision: Light perception; properties include frequency (color) and intensity (brightness). Eye movement primitives (fixations, saccades, scanpaths) are key.
  • Hearing: Detecting sound with properties like loudness, pitch, timbre, and envelope.
  • Touch: Somatosensory system for touch, temperature, pain, and body position.
  • Smell and Taste: Olfaction (smell) and gustation (taste) as senses.

Responders (Human Output)

  • Limbs: Manipulating controls for input.
  • Voice: Laryngeal/pulmonary input for speech.
  • Eyes: Visual input and output.

The Brain

  • Perception: Interpretation of sensory input.
  • Cognition: Thinking (reasoning, problem-solving).
  • Memory: Sensory (iconic, echoic, haptic, smell/taste), short-term, and long-term.

Long-Term Memory (Processing)

  • Storing: Time spent, distribution of practice.
  • Forgetting: Decay, interference (retroactive, proactive).
  • Remembering: Recognition, Recall.

Language

  • Critical for user interaction and communication, with a focus on written text.

Advance Interaction

  • Input/output devices
  • VR/3D displays, sound/smell/haptic interfaces
  • Sensors
  • Paper input/output
  • Memory/processing
  • Interaction limitations (computation, storage, graphics, network capacity).

4 Parts of Abowd & Beale Interaction Framework

  • User
  • Input
  • System
  • Output

Interaction Elements

  • Control-display relationships (Mappings): User actions and system responses should be natural and efficient.
  • Spatial Mappings: Object location in relation to a reference.
  • Gain and Transfer Function: Relationship between control movement and display movement
  • Latency: Delay between input and response.
  • Property sensed and order of control: Human actions, properties sensed, relationship between inputs
  • Mental Models, metaphors, and modes: Understanding the interaction based on analogous real-world experiences.
  • Mobile context: Touchscreens emphasize direct manipulation.

Error Concept and Design

  • Errors in choosing goals ("cognitive") are distinct from errors in implementing action ("slips and lapses").
  • Types of errors include: Cognitive errors (mistakes), failure to detect problems, capture errors, description errors, data-driven errors, associative-activation errors, loss-of-activation errors, mode errors.

Emotional Design

  • Creating products eliciting appropriate emotions for a positive user experience.
  • Basic emotions, their combinations.
  • Emotional connections: Visceral (appearance), behavioral (function), reflective (self-image).

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  • Applied concept of user needs: Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization.

User Needs (HCI Principles)

  • Pleasurable, usable, reliable, and functional.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Explore the basics of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), its origins, and core principles. Covers human factors, user experience (UX), and designing usable and accessible technology. Understand HCI's goals, human capabilities, and the importance of user-centered design.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser