Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe the collective value of an organization's workforce's capabilities, skills, and motivation?
What is the term used to describe the collective value of an organization's workforce's capabilities, skills, and motivation?
What is the main difference between effectiveness and efficiency as they relate to human capital?
What is the main difference between effectiveness and efficiency as they relate to human capital?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the gig economy?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the gig economy?
What is the primary purpose of strategic planning in an organization?
What is the primary purpose of strategic planning in an organization?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of strategic planning, what is the primary difference between goals and objectives?
In the context of strategic planning, what is the primary difference between goals and objectives?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a step in the strategic planning process?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the strategic planning process?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these is considered a strength in the HR Factors and the SWOT Analysis?
Which of these is considered a strength in the HR Factors and the SWOT Analysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of succession planning?
What is the primary goal of succession planning?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal when managing a talent surplus?
What is the primary goal when managing a talent surplus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which scenario is NOT considered a solution for managing a talent shortage?
Which scenario is NOT considered a solution for managing a talent shortage?
Signup and view all the answers
Which legal act prohibits using race or religion as a factor when making layoff decisions?
Which legal act prohibits using race or religion as a factor when making layoff decisions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)?
What is the purpose of the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which legal act requires employers to provide advance notice of mass layoffs or plant closings?
Which legal act requires employers to provide advance notice of mass layoffs or plant closings?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary consideration when making employment decisions about a candidate?
What is the primary consideration when making employment decisions about a candidate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a legal factor to consider when making layoff decisions?
Which of the following is NOT a legal factor to consider when making layoff decisions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an example of an alternative work arrangement that can be used to manage a talent shortage?
What is an example of an alternative work arrangement that can be used to manage a talent shortage?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA), what is considered a disability?
According to the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA), what is considered a disability?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA)?
What is the purpose of the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum number of employees an organization must have for the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) to apply?
What is the minimum number of employees an organization must have for the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) to apply?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of harassment typically covered by company policies?
Which of the following is NOT a type of harassment typically covered by company policies?
Signup and view all the answers
Under the Equal Pay Act, employers are required to pay similar wages for similar work, regardless of which factor?
Under the Equal Pay Act, employers are required to pay similar wages for similar work, regardless of which factor?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a "quid pro quo" type of sexual harassment?
What is a "quid pro quo" type of sexual harassment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary objective of the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)?
What is the primary objective of the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these is NOT considered a best practice for preventing sexual harassment in the workplace?
Which of these is NOT considered a best practice for preventing sexual harassment in the workplace?
Signup and view all the answers
Under what circumstances would 'job redesign' be considered an optimal solution?
Under what circumstances would 'job redesign' be considered an optimal solution?
Signup and view all the answers
Expanding the scope of a job to encompass a wider range of tasks is referred to as:
Expanding the scope of a job to encompass a wider range of tasks is referred to as:
Signup and view all the answers
Which approach to job design focuses on increasing responsibility for planning, organizing, controlling, and evaluating work?
Which approach to job design focuses on increasing responsibility for planning, organizing, controlling, and evaluating work?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following represents a primary benefit of job rotation for new managers?
Which of the following represents a primary benefit of job rotation for new managers?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a potential source of information for a job analysis?
Which of the following is NOT a potential source of information for a job analysis?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the content, which of the following is NOT a component of job satisfaction?
According to the content, which of the following is NOT a component of job satisfaction?
Signup and view all the answers
Based on the provided information, what is the primary goal of having a workforce that is engaged with the company and the work?
Based on the provided information, what is the primary goal of having a workforce that is engaged with the company and the work?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the implied expectation employers have for employees in the context of the 'Psychological Contract'?
What is the implied expectation employers have for employees in the context of the 'Psychological Contract'?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the content suggest is necessary for an employee to be motivated to contribute more?
What does the content suggest is necessary for an employee to be motivated to contribute more?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential consequence of having a workforce that is not engaged with the company and the work?
What is a potential consequence of having a workforce that is not engaged with the company and the work?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary consideration when evaluating whether a person can perform the essential functions of a job in relation to disability or pregnancy?
What is the primary consideration when evaluating whether a person can perform the essential functions of a job in relation to disability or pregnancy?
Signup and view all the answers
A "Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)" is a legitimate requirement for a job. What does this mean?
A "Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)" is a legitimate requirement for a job. What does this mean?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a protected characteristic under employment law?
Which of the following is NOT considered a protected characteristic under employment law?
Signup and view all the answers
What does "undue hardship" mean in the context of reasonable accommodation?
What does "undue hardship" mean in the context of reasonable accommodation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?
What is the primary purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes "disparate impact" in employment discrimination?
What characterizes "disparate impact" in employment discrimination?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a reasonable accommodation under the ADA or pregnancy discrimination laws?
Which of the following is NOT considered a reasonable accommodation under the ADA or pregnancy discrimination laws?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary difference between "disparate treatment" and "disparate impact"?
What is the primary difference between "disparate treatment" and "disparate impact"?
Signup and view all the answers
Flashcards
Human Capital
Human Capital
The collective value of capabilities, knowledge, and motivation of employees.
Staffing
Staffing
The process of hiring for full-time, part-time, and temporary roles.
Gig Economy
Gig Economy
Work performed by freelance or temporary workers rather than full-time staff.
Effectiveness
Effectiveness
Signup and view all the flashcards
Job Design
Job Design
Signup and view all the flashcards
Efficiency
Efficiency
Signup and view all the flashcards
Job Redesign
Job Redesign
Signup and view all the flashcards
Strategic Planning
Strategic Planning
Signup and view all the flashcards
Job Simplification
Job Simplification
Signup and view all the flashcards
Organizational Mission
Organizational Mission
Signup and view all the flashcards
Succession Planning
Succession Planning
Signup and view all the flashcards
Job Enlargement
Job Enlargement
Signup and view all the flashcards
Job Rotation
Job Rotation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Essential Job Functions
Essential Job Functions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reasonable Accommodation
Reasonable Accommodation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Undue Hardship
Undue Hardship
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications (BFOQ)
Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications (BFOQ)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Protected Characteristics
Protected Characteristics
Signup and view all the flashcards
Disparate Treatment
Disparate Treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Disparate Impact
Disparate Impact
Signup and view all the flashcards
Talent Surplus
Talent Surplus
Signup and view all the flashcards
Talent Shortage
Talent Shortage
Signup and view all the flashcards
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Managing Talent Surplus
Managing Talent Surplus
Signup and view all the flashcards
Managing Talent Shortage
Managing Talent Shortage
Signup and view all the flashcards
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
Signup and view all the flashcards
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Signup and view all the flashcards
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN)
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Employee Qualifications
Employee Qualifications
Signup and view all the flashcards
ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA)
ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA)
Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Equal Pay Act
Equal Pay Act
Signup and view all the flashcards
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)
Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sexual Harassment
Sexual Harassment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Preventing Sexual Harassment
Preventing Sexual Harassment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Psychological Contract
Psychological Contract
Signup and view all the flashcards
Job Satisfaction
Job Satisfaction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Components of Job Satisfaction
Components of Job Satisfaction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Engaged Workforce
Engaged Workforce
Signup and view all the flashcards
Disengaged Employees
Disengaged Employees
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Test 1 Review - Spring 2025 (Chapters 1-5)
- The test covers chapters 1-5.
- The test has 50 multiple choice questions.
- Read questions slowly and carefully, paying attention to specific words like "not".
- Specific terms ("direct costs", "indirect costs") have precise meanings.
- Direct costs are financial, while indirect costs are often non-financial (e.g. staffing shortages).
- The test is 1 hour and 15 minutes long.
- Students should sign in.
- Bring a laptop to class. If you don't have one, arrange to borrow one from the library beforehand.
- The test is closed book, no notes.
- Students whose first language is not English can use a Korean, Spanish, or German-English dictionary. Please bring it to class early to enable review before the test.
Chapter 1 - Human Resource (HR) Management
- HR Management designs systems to manage human talent, achieving organizational objectives and goals.
- HR roles include selecting, training, rewarding, managing, and retaining employees.
Core HR Functions
- Strategy and planning
- Equal employment opportunity
- Talent acquisition
- Talent management
- Total rewards
- Risk management and worker protection
- Employee and labor relations
What does HR do?
- Help organizations achieve higher profits and employee productivity.
- Assisting organizations adapt to a changing workforce (e.g. diversity, protected classifications).
- Adhering to legal compliance (statutes and regulations).
Technology in HR
- Improves administrative and operational efficiency (record-keeping).
- Reduces recruitment, selection, and training costs.
- Over-reliance may negatively impact learning and analysis skills.
- Artificial intelligence (AI) impact in HR is yet to be determined.
Human Capital and Staffing
- Human capital is the value of an organization's workforce (capabilities, knowledge, skills, experience, motivation).
- Staffing includes full-time, part-time, and gig economy workers (temporary, freelance).
- Skill shortages can exist where an organization lacks workers with the necessary skills for their key jobs.
Effective Use of Human Capital
- Effectiveness measures the ability of a program to produce a desired result.
- Efficiency measures the economical manner in which a program is carried out. (Cost management).
- Cost analysis in programs involves examining initial investment and whether there are savings in other areas. Does it improve accidents, absenteeism, and turnover?
Chapter 2 - Strategy and Strategic Planning
- Strategy is the plan organizations use to compete successfully and grow.
- Strategic planning includes defining an organization's direction and allocating resources towards achieving its goals.
Strategic Planning Process
- Define the organization's overall goal and purpose.
- Establish department/company goals and objectives.
- Develop organizational strategies (the plan).
- Formulate steps to complete the strategies.
- Implement the plan.
- Evaluate and reassess.
HR Planning Process (Figure 2-5)
- Review organizational & environmental analysis/strategic plans.
- Assess external & internal workforce conditions, capabilities, and KSAs.
- Compile HR planning forecasts/demands for human resources.
- Supply of human resources.
- Develop HR staffing plans and actions with employee retention, recruiting sources, and selection.
HR Factors and SWOT Analysis (Example)
- Strengths: Intellectual capital, loyal/committed employees, innovative/adaptive employees, high performance, lack of leadership pipeline.
- Weaknesses: Outdated talent management practices.
- Opportunities: Market position, unexplored markets, global expansion, technological advances.
- Threats: Legal mandates, competitor power, economic uncertainty, talent shortage.
Succession Planning
- Identifying and planning for the replacement of key employees.
- Ensures high-quality talent available to carry out business strategies.
Talent Imbalances (Too Many/Too Few)
- Too Many: Reduce employee work-hours, attrition, hiring freezes, voluntary separation programs, workforce downsizing/reduction in force (RIF).
- Too Few: Increase employee work hours, overtime, outsourcing, contingent workers (temporary, independent contractors), bonus to motivate retention.
Legal Considerations for Workforce Reductions
- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act: Do not use protected classifications (sex, race, national origin, religion) for decision-making.
- Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA): Protects individuals aged 40 or older.
- Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Pregnancy Discrimination Act.
- Other laws pertain to worker adjustment and retraining, Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA), and older workers' benefits.
Chapter 3 - Making Workplace Decisions
- Employment choices are based on job needs/requirements. Can the candidate perform essential job functions? In ADA and Pregnancy cases, can the candidate perform duties with reasonable accommodation?
Employment, Job Descriptions
- Job descriptions are based on business necessity (safe and efficient operations).
- Bona fide occupational requirements (BFOQs) are legitimate job requirements. Failing to meet necessary job qualifications is not discrimination.
Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship
- Reasonable accommodation modifies a job to give qualified individuals equal opportunity to do essential work.
- Undue hardship is significant difficulty or expense when making an accommodation for a disability.
Protected Characteristics
- These characteristics focus on protected classes (race, creed, color, national origin, religion, sex, marital status, pregnancy, disability, military status, age, genetic information , others).
- These characteristics are unrelated to job performance and should not affect job decisions.
Unlawful Discrimination (Disparate Impact, Disparate Treatment)
- Disparate treatment is intentional discrimination based on un-job-related characteristics.
- Disparate impact is unintentional discrimination where a neutral practice has a discriminatory impact on a protected group.
Federal Rehabilitation Act of 1973/ Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Federal workers and applicants with disabilities are protected from discrimination.
- ADA protects private employers, employment agencies, labor unions with 15 or more employees from discriminating
- Requires an interactive process regarding reasonable accommodations.
- ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) broadened the definition to include individuals with conditions affecting impairment affecting life activities, including "perceived" disabilities.
Pregnancy/Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)/Equal Pay Act
- Pregnancy Discrimination Act protects pregnant individuals.
- Pregnant Worker Fairness Act treats pregnancy leaves like personal or medical leaves. Employers need to ensure pregnancy-related accommodations.
- FMLA requires employers to provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave to individuals for family or medical reasons, including sickness or family members' issues.
- Equal Pay Act mandates equal pay for similar work to avoid gender discrimination.
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) and Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)
- ADEA prohibits age discrimination against individuals aged 40 or over.
- OWBPA protects employees who sign a waiver of age discrimination claims in exchange for severance packages.
Sexual Harassment
- Includes unwelcome verbal, visual, or physical conduct of a sexual nature that affects working conditions or creates a hostile work environment.
- M-F, M-M, F-M, F-F
Preventing Sexual Harassment
- Establish a sexual harassment policy and communicate the policy regularly.
- Train employees on sexual harassment issues.
- Encourage reporting—create a positive culture with a neutral investigator.
- Investigate all complaints.
Harassment
- Adopt policies against harassment, targeting and addressing ethnic jokes, vulgar language, and inappropriate physical conduct.
- Training should be conducted annually, with employee acknowledgment, reinforcing company’s policies and procedure against harassment, and outlining appropriate employee conduct.
Military Status Protections (USERRA)
- Provides reemployment rights for active service members.
- The act provides leaves of absences and guarantees re-employment rights after completing service.
Chapter 4 - Work Force Participation and Profile
- Includes information about the labor force participation rate in December 2023.
- Covers full-time employees, part-time employees, independent contractors, and contingent workers.
- Discusses generational group differences in terms of technology adoption and focus.
- Addresses skill gaps in the workforce, and challenges in filling positions requiring science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) skills.
Job Design and Job Redesign
- Job design organizes tasks, duties, responsibilities for a productive unit of work.
- Job design influences job performance, job satisfaction, physical and mental well-being.
- Job redesign changes existing jobs to improve them.
Approaches to Job Design/Redesign
- Job simplification: breaking complex jobs into simpler parts.
- Job enlargement: broadening the scope of a job by increasing the number of tasks.
- Job enrichment: increasing depth by adding responsibility for planning, organizing, controlling, and evaluating the work.
- Job rotation: shifting employees from job to job.
Job Analysis (methods and sources)
- Identifies who is responsible for the analysis (HR, operations, management, or consultants).
- Sources for data gathering include company data, managers, and employees, and 3rd party data sources (e.g., Department of Labor).
- Methods include questionnaires, interviews, and observations.
Job Analysis – Information Needed
- Tasks and duties
- Skills needed
- Responsibilities
- Tools and equipment
- Supervision
- Decision-making authority
- Work hours/schedules
- Travel requirements
- Physical, psychological, and emotional demands
- Knowledge, education, experience, and certifications
Job Description Checklist
- Identification (Job title/department, reporting relationships, analysis date/location).
- General summary (general responsibilities/overview of duties).
- Essential job functions and duties (functions/duties, listed by importance; tasks/duties/responsibilities).
- Job specifications (knowledge/skills, education/experience, physical requirements).
- Disclaimers and approvals (signatures/legal disclaimers; allows updates/changes to job duties).
Chapter 5 - Motivation, Performance, and Retention
- Employee effort (motivation, work ethic, attendance), employee ability (knowledge/skills), and company support (training/equipment) impacts performance results.
- Motivation is impacted by factors like appreciation, respect, ability to use personal capabilities, and liking the work itself.
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs describes motivations. Lower-level needs (basic needs) must be met before higher-level needs can influence behavior. Consider wages, benefits, job security.
- Implied expectations in psychological contracts include competitive wages, work-life balance, career opportunities and safe work environment; employees contribute skills and strive for performance improvement, productivity, length of service, extra efforts, and results needing attention.
Components of Job Satisfaction
- Adequacy of pay
- Opportunity for advancement
- Supervision quality
- Coworker relationships
- Nature of the work.
Costs of Absenteeism
- Direct costs (replacement for absent worker, salary/benefits, overtime pay)
- Indirect costs (productivity loss, reduced quality of work, lost training/supervisor time, customer dissatisfaction, slow workpace, etc.)
Employee Turnover
- Occurs when employees leave the organization and are replaced.
- Signs of potential turnover can include decreased motivation/interest in getting promoted, reluctance to be involved in long-term opportunities, and minimal contribution in meetings.
Turnover Expense
- Separation, vacancy, and replacement costs.
- Hidden/indirect costs (lost productivity, poor replacement hire, etc.)
Retaining Top Performers
- Executive mentoring
- Challenging job assignments
- Development of management competencies
- Regular performance feedback.
Drivers of Retention
- Organizational and management factors
- Employee-supervisor relationships
- Job/work-life balance
- Rewards
- Career training and development
- Employer policies and practices.
Process of Managing Retention
- Measurement and assessment (usage of Absence/turnover measurement, etc.).
- Management interventions (recruiting/selection/orientation and training/compensation and benefits/career development/employee relations).
- Evaluation/Follow-Up (reviewing turnover data/tracking interventions/adjusting efforts).
Turnover vs. Churn
- Churn is undesirable (hiring new employees while laying off others). This is not a positive management strategy in terms of labor resources and costs
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in human capital management, including strategic planning, the gig economy, and legal considerations in workforce management. This quiz will challenge your understanding of the workforce's capabilities, skills, and the implications of HR strategies on organizational success.