Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the definition of 'Human Capital' according to the provided text?
What is the definition of 'Human Capital' according to the provided text?
What is the difference between effectiveness and efficiency in the context of using human capital?
What is the difference between effectiveness and efficiency in the context of using human capital?
What is the role of 'strategic planning' in an organization?
What is the role of 'strategic planning' in an organization?
Which of the following is NOT a legal consideration for workforce reductions?
Which of the following is NOT a legal consideration for workforce reductions?
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Which of these is NOT a step in the strategic planning process outlined in the text?
Which of these is NOT a step in the strategic planning process outlined in the text?
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Which of these options is a strategy for managing a talent surplus?
Which of these options is a strategy for managing a talent surplus?
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Which of these is a strength of an organization's human capital, according to the provided text?
Which of these is a strength of an organization's human capital, according to the provided text?
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What is the purpose of 'succession planning'?
What is the purpose of 'succession planning'?
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What is the goal of managing talent imbalances?
What is the goal of managing talent imbalances?
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Which of the following is NOT a strategy for managing a talent shortage?
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for managing a talent shortage?
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What is the 'gig economy'?
What is the 'gig economy'?
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What is a potential challenge or risk associated with the 'gig economy'?
What is a potential challenge or risk associated with the 'gig economy'?
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Which law prohibits using race, sex, national origin, or religion as selection criteria for layoffs?
Which law prohibits using race, sex, national origin, or religion as selection criteria for layoffs?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when evaluating a candidate's ability to perform the essential functions of a job?
Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when evaluating a candidate's ability to perform the essential functions of a job?
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Which of the following is NOT a legal consideration when making hiring decisions?
Which of the following is NOT a legal consideration when making hiring decisions?
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What is the primary objective of the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act?
What is the primary objective of the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act?
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What is an example of a Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)?
What is an example of a Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)?
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What is an example of a reasonable accommodation that an employer might offer to a qualified individual with a disability?
What is an example of a reasonable accommodation that an employer might offer to a qualified individual with a disability?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a protected characteristic under federal law?
Which of the following is NOT considered a protected characteristic under federal law?
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What is meant by the term "disparate impact" in the context of employment discrimination?
What is meant by the term "disparate impact" in the context of employment discrimination?
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Which of these is NOT a requirement for an employer to prove that a job qualification is a BFOQ?
Which of these is NOT a requirement for an employer to prove that a job qualification is a BFOQ?
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Which federal law requires employers with 15 or more employees to provide reasonable accommodations for qualified individuals with disabilities?
Which federal law requires employers with 15 or more employees to provide reasonable accommodations for qualified individuals with disabilities?
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What are the key areas of protection provided by the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA)?
What are the key areas of protection provided by the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA)?
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Which of the following types of inquiries are generally considered unlawful during the hiring process?
Which of the following types of inquiries are generally considered unlawful during the hiring process?
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What is the best course of action when an employee requests a leave of absence with military orders?
What is the best course of action when an employee requests a leave of absence with military orders?
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What is the labor force participation rate according to the Department of Labor in December 2023?
What is the labor force participation rate according to the Department of Labor in December 2023?
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What is the "interactive process" in the context of reasonable accommodations under the ADA?
What is the "interactive process" in the context of reasonable accommodations under the ADA?
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What is the primary challenge for HR planning identified in the provided text?
What is the primary challenge for HR planning identified in the provided text?
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What is a contingent worker?
What is a contingent worker?
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Which job design approach involves assigning an individual more tasks of similar complexity?
Which job design approach involves assigning an individual more tasks of similar complexity?
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In which job design approach would a new manager gain experience by working in different roles within the organization?
In which job design approach would a new manager gain experience by working in different roles within the organization?
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Which job design approach aims to increase employee responsibility and autonomy by adding planning, organizing, controlling, and/or evaluating tasks to a job?
Which job design approach aims to increase employee responsibility and autonomy by adding planning, organizing, controlling, and/or evaluating tasks to a job?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential source of information for job analysis?
Which of the following is NOT a potential source of information for job analysis?
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Which job design approach involves breaking down a complex job into smaller, more manageable tasks?
Which job design approach involves breaking down a complex job into smaller, more manageable tasks?
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Which of the following is NOT a method for collecting job analysis information?
Which of the following is NOT a method for collecting job analysis information?
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What is the primary purpose of a job description?
What is the primary purpose of a job description?
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Which of the following components is NOT typically included in a job specifications section?
Which of the following components is NOT typically included in a job specifications section?
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Which factor influences employee performance the least according to the performance equation?
Which factor influences employee performance the least according to the performance equation?
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Which of the following is a top motivator for employees?
Which of the following is a top motivator for employees?
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Which element does NOT contribute to the performance results equation?
Which element does NOT contribute to the performance results equation?
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In a job description checklist, which item comes first in the identification section?
In a job description checklist, which item comes first in the identification section?
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Which aspect is NOT typically covered in job analysis regarding the demands of a job?
Which aspect is NOT typically covered in job analysis regarding the demands of a job?
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Flashcards
Talent Surplus
Talent Surplus
Situation where there are more employees than needed for business strategies.
Talent Shortage
Talent Shortage
Condition where there are not enough employees to meet business needs.
Manage Talent Surplus
Manage Talent Surplus
Strategies to address having too many employees, such as reducing hours or layoffs.
Manage Talent Shortage
Manage Talent Shortage
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Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
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Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
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WARN Act
WARN Act
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Job Requirements in Employment Decisions
Job Requirements in Employment Decisions
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Annual Training for Employees
Annual Training for Employees
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Military Status Protections
Military Status Protections
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Labor Force Participation Rate
Labor Force Participation Rate
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Contingent Worker
Contingent Worker
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Generational Groups
Generational Groups
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Essential Functions
Essential Functions
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Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications (BFOQ)
Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications (BFOQ)
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Reasonable Accommodation
Reasonable Accommodation
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Undue Hardship
Undue Hardship
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Protected Characteristics
Protected Characteristics
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Disparate Treatment
Disparate Treatment
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Disparate Impact
Disparate Impact
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
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Human Capital
Human Capital
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Staffing
Staffing
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Gig Economy
Gig Economy
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Skill Shortages
Skill Shortages
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Effectiveness
Effectiveness
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Strategic Planning
Strategic Planning
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Organizational Mission
Organizational Mission
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Succession Planning
Succession Planning
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Job Design
Job Design
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Job Redesign
Job Redesign
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Job Simplification
Job Simplification
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Job Enlargement
Job Enlargement
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Job Rotation
Job Rotation
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Sources of Data
Sources of Data
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Methods of Data Collection
Methods of Data Collection
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Job Analysis Components
Job Analysis Components
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Job Description Checklist
Job Description Checklist
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Essential Job Functions
Essential Job Functions
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Job Specifications
Job Specifications
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Top Motivators
Top Motivators
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Performance Equation
Performance Equation
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Study Notes
Test 1 Review - Spring 2025
- Exam covers chapters 1-5
- 50 multiple choice questions
- Read questions slowly and carefully
- Pay close attention to specific words (e.g., "not")
- Direct costs involve financial costs; indirect costs include non-financial factors like staffing shortages
- 1 hour and 15 minutes for the exam
- Bring a laptop
- Make arrangements with the library if you don't have a laptop
- Closed book exam; no notes allowed
- Foreign students with an English dictionary allowed (Korean, Spanish or German)
- Bring the dictionary to class early
Chapter 1 - Human Resource Management
- Designing formal systems to manage talent
- Accomplishing organizational objectives and goals
- Roles include selecting, training, rewarding, managing, and retaining employees
Core HR Functions
- Strategy and planning
- Equal employment opportunity
- Talent acquisition
- Talent management
- Total rewards
- Risk management and worker protection
- Employee and labor relations
What HR Does
- Assist in achieving higher profits and employee productivity
- Adapting to a changing, diverse workforce (e.g., considering Sex, Age and other protected classes)
- Legal compliance (following government statutes and regulations)
- Hiring the right people with the correct skills at the right time
Benefits and Challenges of Technology
- Helps in strategic HR planning and business forecasting models
- Improves administrative and operational efficiency (e.g., record keeping)
- Reduces costs in recruitment, selection, and training
- Over-reliance on technology may negatively impact learning
Human Capital and Staffing
- Human capital is the collective value of workforce capabilities, knowledge, skills, life experiences, and motivation
- Staffing includes full-time, part-time, and gig economy employees (e.g., temporaries, seasonal employees)
- Skill shortages can be an issue
- Inadequate supply of workers with the needed skills is also a problem
Effectiveness and Efficiency of Human Capital
- Effectiveness is the ability of a program to produce its desired effect or result and is measurable
- Efficiency is the degree to which operations are carried out in an economical manner
- Cost analysis of new programs and whether these translate into business improvements
Chapter 2 - Strategy and Strategic Planning
- Strategy is a plan for an organization to compete, survive, and grow
- Strategic planning involves defining organizational strategy and direction, along with allocating resources for achievement
Strategic Planning Process
- Identify organizational mission
- Establish goals and objectives
- Develop organizational strategies
- Formulate steps to complete strategies
- Implement plan
- Evaluate and reassess
Figure 2-5: HR Planning Process
- Review—organizations and environmental analysis and strategic plans
- Assess—external and internal workforce, external conditions and influences, internal workforce capabilities and KSAs
- Compile— HR Planning Forecasts
-
- Demands for human resource supply of human resources
- Develop—HR Staffing plans and actions
-
- employee retention and turnover, recruiting sources, select process, actions
SWOT Analysis
- Identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in human resources Strengths: Intellectual capital, loyal/committed/innovative employees, high performance workforce, etc. Weaknesses: Lack of leadership pipeline, outdated talent management practices Opportunities: Market positions, unexplored markets, global expansion, technology advances Threats: Legal mandates, competitor power, economic uncertainty, talent shortages
Succession Planning
- Process of identifying a plan for the orderly replacement of employees
- Goal: ensure high-quality talent is available to execute business strategies
Talent Imbalances
- Managing Talent Surplus -Reduce employee work hours, Attrition, Hiring freezes, Voluntary separation programs, Workforce downsizing/reduction in force (RIF)
- Managing a Shortage -Increase employee hours, use third parties, implement alternative work arrangements, Use contingent workers (temporaries, independent contractors), Reduce employee turnover/Retention bonus
Legal Considerations for Workforce Reductions
- Selection criteria for laying off employees. (Avoid illegal biases: sex, race, national origin)
- Age Discrimination in Employment Act
- Americans with Disabilities Act
- Other Laws—WARN Act, COBRA, Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)
Chapter 3: Workplace Decisions and Discrimination
- Employment decisions must be based on job requirements and employee qualifications
- Ability to perform essential functions of the job or position
- Reasonable accommodations in cases of disability or pregnancy
Employment, Job Descriptions/Requirements
- Based on business necessity (safe and efficient operations)
- Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications (BFOQs) are legitimate requirements
Reasonable Accommodation/Undue Hardship
- Reasonable accommodation modifies the job or work environment to allow qualified individuals equal opportunity to perform the essential work
- Undue hardship is a significant difficulty or expense imposed when making accommodations
Major Protected Characteristics
- Race, creed, color, national origin, religion, and sex
- Includes marital status, pregnancy, disability, military status, age, and genetic information.
- Many states and local governments have additional categories
Unlawful Discrimination
- Disparate treatment is intentional discrimination against individuals with certain characteristics
- Disparate impact occurs when neutral employment practices adversely affect a protected group of people
Federal Disability Protections
- Federal Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (protects federal contractors)
- Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ( applies to 15 or more employees, prohibits discrimination, and requires interactive process regarding reasonable accommodations -
- ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) broadens the definition of disability (includes perceived disability)
Pregnancy, FMLA, & Equal Pay
- Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) and Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA)
- Treating maternity leave the same as other leave types
- Can the employer provide a reasonable accommodation to allow a pregnant employee to continue working?
- Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA): Allows up to 12 weeks of unpaid family leave in certain situations.
- The Equal Pay Act: Requires employers to pay similar wage rates for similar work, regardless of gender
Age Discrimination Laws
- Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) protects individuals 40 and older against employment discrimination
- Older Workers Benefit Protection Act ((OWBPA) protects employees who sign a release/waiver of age discrimination in exchange for severance packages
Sexual Harassment Prevention
- Establish a sexual harassment policy, communicate it regularly, train employees and managers on sexual harassment issues, support reporting with positive culture, have a neutral investigator, investigate and take action to prevent sexual harassment
Harassment Policies
- Adopt policies against harassment based on ethnicity, jokes, vulgar epithets, racial slurs, etc.
- Employ training for managers in preventing employee harassment
Military Status Protection
- Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance
- Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) provides leaves of absence and return to employment rights
- Prompt reemployment on return, protection from discharge and retaliation, health insurance continuation, and continued seniority rights
Chapter 4 - Workforce Participation and Profile
- Labor force participation rate (December 2023): 62.5%
- Workforce relationships—Full-Time, Part-Time and Contingent worker: A temporary employee or freelancer
- Generational differences can impact HR planning
Job Design and Job Redesign
- Job design: Organizing tasks into units of work.
- Influences performance, affects overall job satisfaction, impacting physical and mental well being and satisfaction
- Job redesign: Modifying existing jobs to improve them.
- Approaches: job simplification, job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation
Job Analysis—Methods and Sources
- Who: HR, Operations, Management, 3rd party consultants
- Where: Company, Managers, Employees, Department of Labor
- How: Questionnaires, Interviews, Observations
Job Analysis—Information Needed
- Tasks, Duties, Skills needed, Responsibilities, Tools and Equipment, Supervisory decisions, Working Hours/Schedules/Travel, Physical, Emotional Demands, knowledge, education, experience and certifications
Job Description—Drafting a Checklist
- Job ID
- Reporting Relationships, Location, Date
- General Summary, Overview of Duties
- Essential Job Functions and Duties - Task, duties, responsibilities in order of importance
- Job Specifications: Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, Education, Physical requirements
- Disclaimers and Approvals
- Legal disclaimers. Allow employer update / change Job Description
Chapter 5—Motivation, Performance, Retention
- Employee Effort + Employee Ability + Company Support = Performance Results
- Motivators: Appreciation, respect, utilizing personal capabilities, liking the job
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Lower needs must be met first
- Implied expectations are based on psychological contracts
Components of Job Satisfaction
- Adequacy of pay, Opportunity for advancement, Supervision, Coworkers, nature of work
- Disengaged employees tend to be dissatisfied
Costs of Absenteeism
- Direct costs: Replacement, overtime
- Indirect costs: Lost productivity, lower quality work, replacement training, customer issues, slower pace, overstaffing to cover absences
Employee Turnover
- Turnover is costly and takes time
- Signs of employee dissatisfaction
- Costs of turnover: separation costs, vacancy costs, replacement costs, training costs, hidden/indirect costs
Retention Strategies
- Retaining top performers: Executive mentoring, Challenging assignments, management competencies development, regular performance feedback
- Retention drivers: Organizational/management factors, Employee-supervisor relationships, job/work-life balance, rewards, career training and development, and employer policies/practices
Process for Managing Retention
- Measurement and assessment
- Management interventions
- Evaluation and follow-up
- Turnover and churn (hiring new workers while laying off others)
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Description
Test your knowledge on human capital, strategic planning, and workforce management. This quiz covers definitions, differences between effectiveness and efficiency, and important legal considerations in the context of managing talent. Enhance your understanding of the gig economy and strategic workforce planning.