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Questions and Answers
What percentage of an adult male's body weight is composed of water?
Which electrolyte is found in large quantities in Extracellular Fluid (ECF)?
Which factor does NOT affect total body water?
What happens during dehydration?
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What is the primary cause of overhydration?
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Which symptom is NOT associated with dehydration?
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What is the correct state of water balance?
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What is the key difference between ICF and ECF regarding protein content?
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Study Notes
Normal Body Composition
- In an adult male weighing 90 kilograms, body weight is comprised of:
- 18% proteins
- 15% fats
- 7% minerals
- 60% water
Factors Affecting Total Body Water
-
Physiological
- Age
- Sex
- Body weight
- Race
-
Pathological
- Dehydration: caused by vomiting, diarrhea
- Overhydration: caused by medical interventions
Distribution of Body Water
- 60% of body weight is water
- 40% of body weight is ICF (intracellular)
- 20% of body weight is ECF (extracellular)
Differences Between ICF and ECF
- ECF has a high concentration of Na+ and Cl- and low levels of protein.
- ICF has high concentrations of K+ and proteins.
Water Balance
- Water balance occurs when water gain equals water loss.
Imbalances
- Overhydration: Occurs when water gain is greater than water loss.
- Dehydration: Occurs when water loss is greater than water gain.
Symptoms of Dehydration
- Thirst
- Dry mouth
- Decreased skin elasticity
- Decreased urination
- Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia/palpitations)
- Headache
Overhydration
- Often caused by medical interventions (iatrogenic)
Sweating
- Sweating is a negative feedback mechanism to regulate body temperature.
- When body temperature rises due to heat exposure, sweating is triggered.
- Evaporation of sweat cools the body, restoring the body temperature to normal.
Labor Induction
- A hormone can be administered to pregnant women in their third trimester to induce labor when there are no signs of labor.
- This hormone stimulates uterine contractions, facilitating delivery.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of body composition, focusing on the distribution and balance of water in the human body. Key topics include the percentages of proteins, fats, and minerals, along with physiological and pathological factors affecting total body water. Test your knowledge on the differences between intracellular and extracellular fluid, as well as symptoms of dehydration.
