Human Body Composition and Water Balance
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Human Body Composition and Water Balance

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@OticKnowledge3236

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of an adult male's body weight is composed of water?

  • 40%
  • 60% (correct)
  • 50%
  • 70%
  • Which electrolyte is found in large quantities in Extracellular Fluid (ECF)?

  • Sodium (Na+) (correct)
  • Potassium (K+)
  • Calcium (Ca+)
  • Magnesium (Mg+)
  • Which factor does NOT affect total body water?

  • Age
  • Sex
  • Race
  • Body position (correct)
  • What happens during dehydration?

    <p>Water gain is less than water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of overhydration?

    <p>Iatrogenic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with dehydration?

    <p>Increased urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct state of water balance?

    <p>Water loss equals water gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between ICF and ECF regarding protein content?

    <p>ICF has high protein content, while ECF has low protein content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Normal Body Composition

    • In an adult male weighing 90 kilograms, body weight is comprised of:
      • 18% proteins
      • 15% fats
      • 7% minerals
      • 60% water

    Factors Affecting Total Body Water

    • Physiological

      • Age
      • Sex
      • Body weight
      • Race
    • Pathological

      • Dehydration: caused by vomiting, diarrhea
      • Overhydration: caused by medical interventions

    Distribution of Body Water

    • 60% of body weight is water
    • 40% of body weight is ICF (intracellular)
    • 20% of body weight is ECF (extracellular)

    Differences Between ICF and ECF

    • ECF has a high concentration of Na+ and Cl- and low levels of protein.
    • ICF has high concentrations of K+ and proteins.

    Water Balance

    • Water balance occurs when water gain equals water loss.

    Imbalances

    • Overhydration: Occurs when water gain is greater than water loss.
    • Dehydration: Occurs when water loss is greater than water gain.

    Symptoms of Dehydration

    • Thirst
    • Dry mouth
    • Decreased skin elasticity
    • Decreased urination
    • Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia/palpitations)
    • Headache

    Overhydration

    • Often caused by medical interventions (iatrogenic)

    Sweating

    • Sweating is a negative feedback mechanism to regulate body temperature.
    • When body temperature rises due to heat exposure, sweating is triggered.
    • Evaporation of sweat cools the body, restoring the body temperature to normal.

    Labor Induction

    • A hormone can be administered to pregnant women in their third trimester to induce labor when there are no signs of labor.
    • This hormone stimulates uterine contractions, facilitating delivery.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts of body composition, focusing on the distribution and balance of water in the human body. Key topics include the percentages of proteins, fats, and minerals, along with physiological and pathological factors affecting total body water. Test your knowledge on the differences between intracellular and extracellular fluid, as well as symptoms of dehydration.

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