Physiology Quiz: Body Composition and Water

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of total body weight is composed of intracellular fluid (ICF) in an adult male?

60%

50%

15%

2/3 (correct)

Which physiological factor contributes to a decrease in total body water as an individual ages?

Increased fat content (correct)

Higher muscle mass

Decreased metabolic activity

Lower water retention

How does the composition of extracellular fluid (ECF) differ from that of intracellular fluid (ICF)?

ECF has a higher concentration of potassium ions.

ECF has more protein content than ICF.

ICF has a higher concentration of phosphate ions. (correct)

ICF contains more sodium ions than ECF.

In terms of homeostasis, which factor is not typically maintained in the internal environment of the body?

Body weight Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the body's systems in maintaining homeostasis?

Multiple systems interact to ensure stable internal conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about body water distribution is incorrect?

Total body water is the same for males and females. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does obesity have on total body water content?

It decreases total body water content. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a physiological factor affecting water balance?

Exercise frequency Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cation found in extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Na+ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference in composition between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)?

ICF contains large amounts of phosphates and proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Under normal circumstances, how much water is typically lost through urine in a day?

1500 ml Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'overhydration' refer to?

A condition where water gain exceeds water loss. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of body fluid composition, which component has the greatest volume?

Intracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of homeostasis primarily concerned with?

The maintenance of a stable internal environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of water gain in the body?

Urination Signup and view all the answers

In normal body functioning, what does it indicate when water loss exceeds water gain?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid environment surrounds the cells within an organism?

Extracellular Fluid (ECF) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a component that must be homeostatically maintained in the internal environment?

Oxygen Concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?

Removing wastes and excess water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following body systems is primarily responsible for regulating cellular functions through hormones?

Endocrine System Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological system helps to transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide during respiration?

Circulatory System Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the average body temperature that must be regulated for optimal functioning?

37 °C Signup and view all the answers

Which system is least involved in the acquisition of food and avoidance of adverse environments?

Respiratory System Signup and view all the answers

Regarding body water distribution, which statement is accurate?

Plasma constitutes about 5% of extracellular fluid volume. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physiology

The study of the normal functions of a living organism.

Cell Physiology

The basic unit of both structure and function
The smallest structure of living matter that can function as an independent unit.

Body Composition

Adult males have an average body weight of 70 kg.
60% of body weight is water.
18% of body weight is protein.
15% of body weight is fat.
7% of body weight is minerals.

Total Body Water

The amount of water in the body.
Total body water decreases with obesity, age, and in females.

Distribution of Body Water

Intracellular fluid (ICF): water inside cells (2/3 of total body water).
Extracellular fluid (ECF): water outside cells (1/3 of total body water).
The ECF is subdivided into interstitial fluid (ISF) and plasma.
ISF makes up 3/4 of the ECF, and plasma makes up 1/4 ECF.

Composition of Body Fluids

There are significant differences in the composition of ICF and ECF.
The main ECF cation is sodium (Na+), while the main ICF cation is potassium (K+).
Chloride (Cl-) is the main ECF anion, while phosphates and proteins are the main ICF anions.

Water Balance

Sources of water gain: drinking, water in food, and water derived from oxidative metabolism.
Sources of water loss: urine, insensible water loss (via respiration and the skin), and feces.
Water balance is when water gain equals water loss.
Dehydration occurs when water loss exceeds water gain.
Overhydration (water loading) occurs when water gain exceeds water loss.

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment (homeo = same, stasis = staying)
ECF is the internal environment of the body.
Homeostasis is essential for normal cell function.

Homeostasis: External vs. Internal Environment

External environment: the surrounding environment of the organism.
Internal environment: the fluid that surrounds cells in the body (ECF).

Advantages of Homeostasis

Increases chances of survival.
Allows freedom to live in a variety of conditions.
Permits proper functioning of the brain.
Disease is frequently a failure of homeostasis.

Homeostatically-Controlled Variables

pH (7.4)
Blood volume (5L)
Blood pressure (120/80 mmHg)
Temperature (37°C).

Body Systems and Homeostasis

Circulatory System: Transports blood throughout the body.
Respiratory System: Takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
Musculoskeletal System: Allows for movement to obtain food, shelter and safety.
Nervous System: Sends impulses to muscles to control movement.
Endocrine System: Regulates cell function through hormones.
Digestive System: Absorbs nutrients from food.
Kidneys and Urinary System: Removes wastes and excess water from the body.
Immune System: Defends the body against foreign invaders.
Skin: Protects the body from the external environment.
Reproductive System: Enables the continuation of the species.

Regulatory Systems

The nervous and endocrine systems are the two major regulatory systems in the body.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the physiological aspects of body composition, including the distribution and composition of body fluids. Explore the functions of cells and understand the significance of total body water in relation to obesity and age.