BLOCK 3: AHE: (3.2) PART 1: JOINTS INTRODUCTION, BONES OF THE UPPER LIMB

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for the upward movement of the proximal clavicle in this context?

The scapula is dislocated.

The acromioclavicular joint is sprained.

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is pulling it upwards. (correct)

The clavicle is fractured.

How can one identify the anterior portion of the scapula?

By the long lateral border.

By the presence of the coracoid process.

By the projection of the scapular spine.

By the subscapular fossa being smooth. (correct)

What does the term 'anatomical neck' refer to in the context of the proximal humerus?

The constriction next to the head of the humerus. (correct)

The area where the humerus commonly fractures.

The site where muscles attach.

The lateral projection of the humerus.

What structure is primarily located on the posterior view of the scapula?

The acromion process. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the greater and lesser tuberosities of the proximal humerus?

The greater tuberosity is lateral, and the lesser tuberosity is medial. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the long medial border of the scapula?

It assists in distinguishing between left and right sides. Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is formed at the glenohumeral cavity?

The shoulder joint. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms relates to a clinically significant area of the humerus?

Surgical neck. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sternoclavicular joint?

It provides direct articulation between the upper limb and axial skeleton. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the acromial end of the clavicle?

It forms part of the acromioclavicular joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the structures around the glenoid cavity?

To ensure stability and prevent dislocation Signup and view all the answers

When viewing the distal humerus, which epicondyle is more prominently projected?

Medial epicondyle Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is crucial for preventing dislocation of the glenohumeral joint?

Acromioclavicular joint Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure helps stabilize the connection between the upper limb and the clavicle?

Coracoacromial ligament Signup and view all the answers

What structure assists with the articulation of the humerus and radius at the elbow joint?

Capitulum Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint allows for the flexion and extension of the forearm at the elbow?

Hinge joint Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the movement of the sternoclavicular joint?

It moves more than one might expect. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT directly articulated by the clavicle?

Humerus Signup and view all the answers

Which fossa is identified on the anterior side of the distal humerus?

Coronoid fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is housed within the broad articular capsule of the elbow joint?

Synovial fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is a common injury associated with the clavicle?

Fracture Signup and view all the answers

The term 'clido' in the sternocleidomastoid muscle refers to which bone?

Clavicle Signup and view all the answers

In terms of joint mechanics, what additional movement does the head of the humerus enable?

Pivoting Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is associated with the ulnar side of the forearm?

Ulnar nerve Signup and view all the answers

What structure is the ulnar nerve traveling through?

Cubital tunnel Signup and view all the answers

In the anatomical position, where is the radius located in relation to the ulna?

Lateral to the ulna Signup and view all the answers

What condition could result from degeneration in the cubital tunnel?

Nerve entrapment Signup and view all the answers

Which process sits within the olecranon fossa of the humerus?

Olecranon process Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of ulnar nerve compression?

Sensory changes in the hand Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is always medial in an anatomical position?

Ulna Signup and view all the answers

What does the trochlear notch of the ulna accommodate?

Trochlea of the humerus Signup and view all the answers

What bones articulate with the carpals at the wrist?

Distal radius and ulna Signup and view all the answers

What is the joint between the proximal and middle phalanges called?

Proximal interphalangeal joint Signup and view all the answers

What common injury occurs to the scaphoid and hamate bones during a fall?

Fracture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phalanges does not articulate at the metacarpophalangeal joint?

Distal phalanx Signup and view all the answers

What is the acronym used for remembering the carpal bones?

Some lovers try potions that they can't handle Signup and view all the answers

What structure is being discussed in relation to the proximal and distal phalanges?

Joints Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Clavicle

The clavicle connects to the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint, a synovial joint that allows for significant movement.
The clavicle is the only direct articulation between the upper limb and the axial skeleton.
The acromial end of the clavicle forms the acromioclavicular joint with the acromion process of the scapula.
The coracoid process of the scapula, along with ligaments, helps to stabilize the upper limb.
The clavicle is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the body, often breaking at the thinnest portion in the middle.
A fractured clavicle results in an upward movement of the proximal clavicle due to the pull of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint is also a common injury.

The Scapula

Projections and processes of the scapula point laterally, indicating the lateral orientation of the bone.
The medial border of the scapula is a characteristic feature.
The subscapular fossa is located on the anterior surface of the scapula, indicating that side of the bone.
The posterior surface of the scapula features the spine, with the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae above and below it.
The acromion process and coracoid process are important landmarks.

### The Humerus

The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, forming the glenohumeral joint.
The humerus has an anatomical neck and a surgical neck. The surgical neck is the more clinically significant location for fractures.
The greater and lesser tuberosities are located on the proximal humerus.
The glenohumeral joint can dislocate inferiorly and anteriorly, a common injury.
The medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus distinguish the anterior and posterior aspects of the distal humerus.
The coronoid fossa is located anteriorly on the distal humerus, while the olecranon fossa is located posteriorly.
The olecranon fossa allows for elbow extension.
The trochlea and capitulum are located on the distal humerus.

### The Elbow Joint

The elbow joint comprises the humerus, ulna, and radius.
The elbow joint has a hinge joint that allows flexion and extension as well as a pivot joint for pronation and supination.
The olecranon process fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus, forming the elbow joint.
The trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

### The Forearm

The ulna is always medial in anatomical position.
The ulna has the coronoid process.
The radius is always lateral in anatomical position.
The ulnar nerve passes through the cubital tunnel on the posterior aspect of the distal humerus.
Compression of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel can cause motor and sensory deficits.

### The Wrist and Hand

The distal radius and ulna articulate with the carpal bones.
The carpals make up the wrist.
The metacarpals are the bones of the hand.
The metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint connects the metacarpals to the phalanges.
The proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) joint is between the proximal and middle phalanges.
The distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) joint is between the middle and distal phalanges.
The bones of the wrist can be remembered by the acronym "Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle," referring to the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones.
The scaphoid and hamate are the most commonly fractured bones in the wrist during a fall.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the anatomy of the clavicle and scapula, exploring their key features, joints, and common injuries. Participants will test their knowledge on the functions and connections of these essential bones in the shoulder region.