Human Anatomy and Cancer Biology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for cancer cells reverting to a less specialized state?

  • Dedifferentiation (correct)
  • Metastasis
  • Neoplasm
  • Hyperplasia

What is the most accurate description of the location of the 'blood-pumping' organ?

  • Dorsal to active red marrow (correct)
  • Rostral to the mediastinum
  • Caudal to the 'parachute' shaped muscle
  • In the pericardial cavity

The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body is known as which process?

  • Dysplasia
  • Neoplasm
  • Metastasis (correct)
  • Dedifferentiation

What is expected to occur when a female ovulates?

<p>Release of an oocyte into the peritoneal cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A tumor is scientifically referred to as what?

<p>Neoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the location of hyaline cartilage?

<p>On articular surfaces of joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is used to check for cancerous cells in the most inferior portion of the uterus?

<p>Papanicolaou Smear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the 'sword-shaped' bone as your reference, which is most distal?

<p>Perineum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is used to visualize the cervix during a Papanicolaou smear?

<p>Speculum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is associated with linea albicantes?

<p>A protein found in the dermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the rule of nines, what percentage of the body surface area is represented when the ventral trunk, anterior of the head and neck, and the anterior of the upper extremities all exhibit erythema?

<p>31.5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In post-partum women, what fetal structure can grow through the uterine wall causing a dangerous condition?

<p>Placenta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT related to the axillary region?

<p>Chemicals sensed by organ in ventral caput (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Lewis and Pickering's research, prolonged submersion in water causes what change in the skin?

<p>Osmotic water absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a form of capital punishment involving damage to the neck, which of the following would MOST LIKELY remain undamaged?

<p>Fibrocartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about albinism?

<p>Melanocytes are present, but enzymatically nonfunctional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific name for the dangerous condition where the placenta grows through the uterine wall?

<p>Placenta Percreta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an injury was avoided by seemingly impossible odds, and it is known that the injured structure is made of hyaline cartilage, which of the following is also likely true?

<p>Is located within the mediastinum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition that occurs when an oocyte fails to reach the uterus after ovulation?

<p>Ectopic Pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Amanda, an 18-year-old female, notices her nails have a strange concave shape. What is NOT associated with Amanda's condition?

<p>Parietal Bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is false regarding hyaline cartilage?

<p>It is found in the intervertebral disc (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of integumentary features found on the plantar surface?

<p>Are epidermal derivatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of hyaline cartilage?

<p>Is found in the mediastinum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does cartilage derive from?

<p>Chondroblasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure, located in the perineum and described as 'a seam', exhibits a longer length in males?

<p>Perineal Raphe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most inferior bone positioned along the midsagittal plane, just anterior to the mediastinum?

<p>Xiphoid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific term for the chemical that stimulates the production of erythrocytes, and where is this chemical primarily produced?

<p>Erythropoietin; Kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease involves autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, resulting in patches of skin discoloration?

<p>Vitiligo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe hair, and what are the small muscles associated with hair follicles called?

<p>Pili; Arrector Pili Muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the procedure that involves the extraction of material from the rectouterine pouch, and what structure is used to insert the needle?

<p>Culdocentesis; Vagina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organic substance is essential in the synthesis of collagen fibers, and what is the name of the integumentary layer primarily made of these fibers?

<p>Vitamin C; Stratum Reticularosum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medical procedure is performed to extract tissue and analyze blood cell production?

<p>Bone Marrow Biopsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Where is the "blood-pumping" organ located?

The heart is located within the pericardial cavity, which is a sac-like structure that surrounds the heart. It is also situated caudal to the diaphragm (parachute-shaped muscle), dorsal to active red marrow, and rostral to the mediastinum.

What happens when a female ovulates?

Ovulation refers to the release of a mature egg (oocyte) from the ovary into the peritoneal cavity. The infundibulum, the funnel-shaped opening of the fallopian tube, catches the egg and guides it towards the uterus.

Which of these is most distal to the "sword-shaped" bone?

Fibrocartilage is a type of cartilage that is more rigid and less flexible than hyaline cartilage. It is found in areas where the body needs to withstand significant stress, like in intervertebral discs and the menisci of the knee.

What is associated with linea ablicantes?

Stretch marks (linea ablicantes) are a sign of the skin being stretched beyond its normal capacity. They are often associated with pregnancy, weight gain, or bodybuilding due to the expansion of the abdominal wall.

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What is NOT associated with the axillary region?

The axillary region is the armpit area. It contains a number of structures, including lymph nodes, blood vessels, and nerves. It is involved in homeostasis through its role in regulating body temperature. Modified sudoriferous glands in the axillary region produce sweat.

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What is true about albinism?

Albinism is a genetic condition where the body does not produce enough melanin, a pigment that gives color to skin, hair, and eyes. This is due to a defect in the enzyme responsible for melanin production, not an absence of melanocytes.

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What is NOT associated with Amanda's condition?

Koilonychia is a condition characterized by concave or spoon-shaped fingernails. It can be caused by iron deficiency (anemia) or other nutritional deficiencies.

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What is FALSE about hyaline cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage is a type of cartilage found in many parts of the body, including the joints, nose, and trachea. It is characterized by its smooth, glassy appearance and provides support and flexibility.

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Synovial Fluid

A clear, slippery substance found on articular surfaces, providing lubrication and reducing friction during joint movement.

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Hyaline Cartilage

A type of cartilage that forms the first model in endochondral ossification, a process of bone formation.

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Erythema

Erythema, or redness of the skin, indicates an increase in blood flow to the area due to vasodilation.

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Skin Wrinkling after Swimming

A condition characterized by skin wrinkling after prolonged water immersion, caused by water absorption into the skin.

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Fibrocartilage

Fibrocartilage, a type of cartilage found in intervertebral discs and menisci, provides support and shock absorption.

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Hematopoietic Bone Marrow

Hematopoietic bone marrow, found in the spongy bone, is responsible for producing blood cells.

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Hyaline Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage, provides smooth surfaces for joint movement and flexibility.

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Epidermal Derivatives

Epidermal derivatives are structures formed from the epidermis, such as hair, nails, and sweat glands. They contribute to various functions like protection, temperature regulation, and sensation.

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What is the perineal raphe?

A visible seam-like structure running along the midline of the perineum, longer in males.

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What bone sits below the mediastinum?

The lowermost bony structure in the midline of the body, just above the mediastinum.

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What is Erythropoietin?

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

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What condition causes skin discoloration due to melanocyte destruction?

A condition characterized by autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, leading to patches of depigmentation.

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What are the hair and the muscles associated with hair follicles called?

The scientific name for hair is 'pili', and the tiny muscles attached to hair follicles are called 'arrector pili' muscles.

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What is Culdocentesis?

A procedure that involves extracting fluid from the rectouterine pouch through the vagina.

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What is the name of the vitamin needed for collagen synthesis, and what layer of the skin contains abundant collagen fibers?

Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, and the layer of the skin primarily composed of collagen is the stratum reticularosum.

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What procedure involves analyzing bone marrow?

A medical procedure involving the extraction of bone marrow for analysis and assessment of blood cell production.

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What is a neoplasm?

A tumor, an abnormal mass of tissue caused by uncontrolled cell growth.

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What is dedifferentiation?

The process by which cancerous cells lose their specialized characteristics and revert to a more primitive, undifferentiated state.

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What is metastasis?

The spread of cancerous cells from their primary site to other parts of the body.

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What is a Pap smear?

A diagnostic test used to detect abnormal cells in the cervix, the lower portion of the uterus.

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What is a speculum?

A medical instrument used to visualize the cervix during a Pap smear.

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What is HPV?

A viral infection that can increase the risk of cervical cancer.

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What is placenta percreta?

A condition where the placenta grows abnormally deep into the uterine wall, potentially extending into other organs.

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What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A condition where a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes.

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Study Notes

Multiple Choice Questions (Exam 1)

  • Question 1: The most accurate description of the location of the "blood-pumping" organ is Caudal to the "parachute" shaped muscle.

  • Question 2: Ovulation is associated with the release of an oocyte into the peritoneal cavity.

  • Question 3: The most distal structure, referenced by the "sword-shaped bone," is Fibrocartilage deep to a Sesamoid Bone.

  • Question 4: Linea ablicantes are associated with Excess Adipose Tissue.

  • Question 5: Removal of nitrogenous waste products is not related to the axillary region.

  • Question 6: Albinism is characterized by melanocytes that are present but enzymatically nonfunctional and is sometimes called "pallor."

  • Question 7: Epiphyses is not associated with Amanda's condition (concave nails).

  • Question 8: Found in the mediastinum is false about hyaline cartilage.

  • Question 9: Erythema covering the ventral trunk, anterior head and neck, and anterior upper extremities represents 31.5% of the body.

  • Question 10: Submersion in water can cause vasoconstriction.

  • Question 11: Structures not damaged in capital punishment are Hematopoietic osseous structures.

  • Question 12: The injured structure producing anti bacterial enzymes is hyaline cartilage.

  • Question 13: Decreasing friction is a true statement about integumentary features.

  • Question 14: The perineal structure, longer in males, is the Perineal Raphe.

  • Question 15: The inferior bone along the midsagittal plane anterior to the mediastinum is the Xiphoid.

  • Question 16: Erythropoietin promotes erythrocyte production, and is produced by the Kidneys.

  • Question 17: Vitiligo is a disease that causes autoimmune melanocyte destruction.

  • Question 18: Hair is scientifically named Pili and the associated muscles are Arrector Pili Muscles.

  • Question 19: Culdocentesis is a procedure that removes material from the rectouterine pouch, passing through the Vaginal Wall.

  • Question 20: Vitamin C is necessary for collagen synthesis and collagen fibers are found in the Stratum Reticularosum.

  • Question 21: A procedure for analyzing blood cell production is Bone Marrow Biopsy.

Essay Question

  • Female reproductive systems are susceptible to cancers; a tumor is a neoplasm, and the process of cells reverting to a less specialized state is called dedifferentiation and when those cells spread it is called metastasis.

  • The full name of the procedure to check the cervix for cells is Papanicolaou Smear and the tool used is a speculum. Contraction of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) can increase the risk of cervical cancer.

  • Placenta Percreta is a condition where the placenta develops through the uterine wall, sometimes into other structures.

  • Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus, potentially affecting the suspensory ligaments (ovarian stalk).

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