How well do you know administrative law?

• Administrative acts must be written, unless their nature requires a different form of expression.
• Verbal acts must be recorded in writing by the recipient or a lower-ranked official, and their content must be expressed in subsequent communications.
• Acts of the same nature can be combined into a single act, specifying the effects for each interested party.
• Particular administrative resolutions cannot violate general regulations.
• Resolutions that violate regulations or have certain causes are null and void.
• Administrative acts subject to Administrative Law are enforceable according to this law.
• Administrative acts are presumed valid from the date they are issued, unless otherwise specified.
• Efficacy may be delayed if it is subject to notification, publication, or higher approval.
• Retroactive efficacy can be granted in certain cases, such as replacing null acts or producing favorable effects for the interested party.
• The motivation for the resolution must be recorded in all sanctioning proceedings and selective or competitive concurrence proceedings.
• Notification can be made by direct delivery from a public employee of the notifying administration.
• Notifications are valid as long as they allow for proof of sending or availability, reception or access by the interested party, and contain complete content and reliable identity of the sender and recipient.
• Interested parties not obligated to receive electronic notifications can choose to receive subsequent notifications via other means.
• Administrations can establish the obligation to practice electronic notifications for certain procedures or individuals who have access to necessary electronic means.
• Certain notifications cannot be made through electronic means, such as those containing elements not susceptible to conversion to electronic format or those containing payment methods.
• In procedures initiated at the request of the interested party, notification will be made via the means indicated by the interested party.
• If notification cannot be made according to the request, it will be made in any suitable location and via any means that allows for proof of reception by the interested party or their representative.
• In procedures initiated ex officio, administrations can consult the National Institute of Statistics' databases for data on the interested party's domicile, as collected in the Municipal Register.
• Interested parties can communicate their decision to receive subsequent notifications via other means at any time.
• Proof of notification will be incorporated into the file.
• Notification obligations are fulfilled when the notification is made available in the electronic headquarters of the Administration or through an enabled electronic address.
• Interested parties can access notifications from the General Electronic Access Point of the Administration.
• In case of unsuccessful notification, a public announcement will be made in the Official State Gazette.
• Administrations may establish complementary notification methods, but the obligation to publish the corresponding announcement in the Official State Gazette will not be excluded.
• Administrative acts will be subject to publication when established by the regulations of each procedure or when deemed necessary for reasons of public interest.
• Publication will have the same elements as notification.
• Publication will be made in the corresponding official diary.
• In cases of common elements, aspects can be published jointly, specifying only individual aspects of each act.
• The publication will have the same effects as notification.
• The call for a procedure will indicate the means where successive publications will take place.
• The conversion of null or void acts can produce the effects of a different act.
• The organ that declares nullity or annuls actions will always preserve those acts and procedures whose content would have remained the same if the infraction had not been committed.
• The administration can validate nullable acts by remedying their defects.
• The validation act will take effect from its date, except in cases of retroactivity.
• If the defect is due to incompetence, validation can be carried out by the competent authority of higher hierarchical rank than the one that issued the void act.
• If the defect is due to a lack of authorization, the act can be validated by granting the same by the competent authority.
• Interested parties in administrative procedures have the right to know the status of the procedure, access and obtain copies of the documents, and identify the authorities and personnel responsible for the procedure.
• Interested parties are not required to present original documents, except in exceptional cases.
• The Access Point General electronic portal will function as a means for interested parties to consult information related to administrative procedures.
• The normative regulations applicable to the procedure will establish the exceptional cases in which original documents must be presented.

Test your knowledge on Administrative Law with this quiz! From the form and content of administrative acts to the notification and publication of procedures, this quiz covers a wide range of topics. Challenge yourself to see how much you know about the rights and obligations of interested parties in administrative procedures, the validation of null or void acts, and the use of electronic means for notifications and consultations. Don't miss your chance to prove your expertise in Administrative Law!