Hotel and Flight Contracts Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of strategic decisions?

They are generally straightforward and easy to make.

They are made without consideration of stakeholder values.

They often require a long-term vision and understanding of market changes. (correct)

They exclusively focus on short-term operational tasks.

Which aspect is NOT typically associated with tactical decisions?

They are designed to be implemented over a timeframe of 3-5 years.

They primarily focus on long-term strategic goals. (correct)

They require an integrated approach within the organization.

They are concerned with daily operational routines.

What does the PESTEL framework consider when evaluating an organization's external environment?

The number of competitors in the market.

The internal organization structure.

Legal restrictions affecting mergers. (correct)

The company's sales strategies.

How do suppliers affect competitive pressure in an industry according to Porter's Five Forces?

The number and size of suppliers can manipulate production costs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that potentially complicates strategic decision-making?

Relying on historical data. Signup and view all the answers

What type of hotel is characterized by its focus on relaxation and leisure activities?

Resort Signup and view all the answers

Which board type includes all meals, drinks, and typically some recreational activities?

All-inclusive Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hotel typically caters to a more specific theme or design?

Concept/Theme Hotel Signup and view all the answers

In a guarantee contract, who bears the risk associated with the room acceptance?

Travel organizer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Motel?

Designed primarily for short-term stays and accessibility Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hotel provides a unique cultural experience, often found in Moroccan architecture?

Riad Signup and view all the answers

Which meal plan option provides one meal, typically breakfast?

1 Breakfast Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of hotel listed?

Corporate Hotel Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected occupancy rate mentioned in the content?

80% Signup and view all the answers

Which transfer type includes a driver who tries to sell excursions on the first day?

Guide Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Part / Split Charter' refer to?

Only parts or half of the airplane are blocked. Signup and view all the answers

If the rate for empty flights is calculated at a multiplier of 1.111 on 700 €, what is the final rate?

777,77 € Signup and view all the answers

What is the most favoured clause mentioned in the content?

No other travel operator will receive a lower price. Signup and view all the answers

How many weeks is the average trip duration stated in the content?

3 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of empty flights is related to technical service length?

Technical chains required. Signup and view all the answers

How many rooms are indicated for week 1 in the occupancy table?

9 rooms Signup and view all the answers

During the Shake-Out phase of an industry lifecycle, what typically happens to some companies?

Some companies exit the market. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Decline phase in an industry lifecycle?

Extreme rivalry for a shrinking market share. Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is crucial for companies in the Reife (Maturity) phase?

Focus on product differentiation and innovation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary factor for companies in the Wachstum (Growth) phase?

High demand leading to significant market entry. Signup and view all the answers

How does Porter’s Diamond assist businesses?

It helps in understanding national competitive advantage. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as the market reaches its maximum potential in the Reife phase?

The market becomes saturated with little growth. Signup and view all the answers

What do companies in the Decline phase typically need to reconsider?

Their market exit, cost reduction, or entering new sectors. Signup and view all the answers

What typically signifies the end of the Shake-Out phase?

Strong companies consolidate their market share. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main areas used to differentiate companies in strategic target group identification?

Scope of Activities and Resource Commitment Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT included in the 'Scope of Activities' when identifying strategic target groups?

Quality of customer service Signup and view all the answers

How does vertical integration impact a company's market position?

It allows for more control over the value chain. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a company doubles its production quantity, according to the experience curve?

Cost per unit decreases due to learning and scale effects. Signup and view all the answers

Which resource commitment factor primarily relates to how many brands a company manages?

Brand presence Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit when companies improve their operational processes?

Decreased overall production costs over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would NOT be considered a distribution channel?

Branding strategies Signup and view all the answers

What describes the impact of economies of scale on entering a market?

They create natural barriers for smaller competitors. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hotel Contracts

Types of hotels: Resort, Club, Motel, Hostel, Boutique Hotel, Adult-only hotel, Chain hotel, Luxury Hotel, Business Hotel, Riads, Lodges, Bed & Breakfast, Concept/Theme
Types of boards: 0 overnight, 1 breakfast, 2 half-board, 3 full-board, 4 all-inclusive, >4 ultra all-inclusive
Hotel contracts: Allotment contract (higher prices for the freedoms of the VA; unsold rooms)

Flight Contracts

Clauses: Most favoured clause (no other TO will get a lower price than you), Exclusive clause (only you as a TO gets prices)
Calculation: Nettopreis 700€ + Steuern, Erwartete Auslastung 80%, Ø Reisedauer 3 Wochen, Saison 30 Wochen, 3 leere Flüge (Hin und zurück). Leere Flüge (Rate) = technische Kettenlänge = 30:27 = 1,111. Kommerzielle Länge, Auf Preis draufrechnen: 700 € x 1,11 = 777,77 €.
Charter: Full charter; Part/Split charter; Subcharter -Full charter: the whole plane is blocked off by the TO, cannot be returned. -Part/Split charter: only parts of the plane are blocked, cannot be returned. -Subcharter: allows the TO to sell the seats to another TO.

Contingent and Daily Guarantees

Contingent: 20
Guarantee: 10
Daily: 21 Zimmer, Woche 1: 9 Zimmer, Woche 2: 11
Accumulated: 20 zahlen

Basic Strategies

Strategic Decisions: Demonstrates how businesses make long-term plans, frequently based on intricate analyses and goals
Layers of Business Environment: Model illustrating external factors influencing a company, ranging from macroeconomic trends down to market specifics.
PESTEL: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal factors
Porter's 5 Forces: Analyze industry competition (supplier power, buyer power, threat of substitutes, threat of new entrants, competitive rivalry)
Industry Lifecycle: Stages of industry development (Research/Development, Growth, Shake-out, Maturity, Decline)
Porter's Diamond: Competitive ability of industries is examined via four factors like factor conditions and company strategy.

Identification of Strategic Target Groups

Process for identifying target audiences aligned with business strategies and marketing objectives.
Scope of Activities (Extent of diversity of products/services, geographical coverage, serviced market segments, and distribution channels)
Resource Commitment (Scale of investments in branding and marketing campaigns, extent of vertical integration, product/service quality, and technological leadership)

Cost Efficiency Sources

Economies of scale, supply costs, cost efficiency, experience curve (making processes quicker).
Discussion of ways to decrease production costs by increasing efficiency.
Experience curve: as production experience increases, per-unit costs tend to fall.

Value Chain within an Organization

Description of primary and support activities required to create value within a company.

Influences of Strategic Purpose

Discusses the factors that influence a company's strategic direction and goals, including external and internal factors.
Governance structure, Firm expectations, Social responsibility and ethics.

Benefits and Disadvantages of Governance Systems

Evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of distinct organizational governance structures and practices.

Stakeholders of a Large Organization

Identifies various groups influenced by or exerting influence on a company's operations.

Key Terms

Shareholder: Stockholder
Stakeholder: All stakeholders are shareholders, but not all stakeholders are shareholders
Marge: Contribution margin, used to cover costs (e.g., personnel, rent)
Monopol: Company is the only one in the market, special position, pricing controlled by one company
Oligopol: A small number of firms control the market
Polypol: Many suppliers and companies competing in a market with high demand.

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Description

Explore the essential aspects of hotel and flight contracts in this comprehensive quiz. Learn about various types of hotels and boards, as well as key clauses and calculations related to flight contracts. Perfect for those interested in hospitality and travel management.