ch.1 part 2

A negative feedback loop reverses the original stimulus to return the body to homeostasis, while a positive feedback loop enhances changes and deviations caused by the original stimulus. An example of a negative feedback loop is body temperature regulation, and an example of a positive feedback loop is childbirth.

A disorder is an abnormality of function in the body, while a disease is disruptions in functions and homeostasis that lead to illness. The difference is that a disorder is an abnormality of function, whereas a disease leads to illness.

Symptoms are subjective changes in body functions (e.g. headache, nausea), while signs are objective changes in body functions that can be observed and measured by a clinician (e.g. fever, rash, heart rate).

<p>An example of a negative feedback loop is the vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin to increase blood flow and release heat during body temperature regulation. An example of a positive feedback loop is the initial contractions during childbirth that push the body towards the cervix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomical position is a standardized method using directional and descriptive terms to refer to body structures. It is when the subject stands erect with upper extremities at their side, palms turned forward, and feet flat on the floor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The directional terms used to locate a body part relative to another are dorsal, superior, medial, ventral, inferior, lateral, and proximal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three body planes are sagittal (divides into left and right), frontal (divides into front and back), and transverse (divides into top and bottom).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity are the cranial cavity (surrounds and protects the brain) and the vertebral canal (surrounds and protects the spinal cord).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ventral body cavity is subdivided by the diaphragm into the upper thoracic cavity (contains pleural cavities and mediastinum) and the lower abdominopelvic cavity (contains abdominal and pelvic cavities).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into nine regions by drawing four imaginary lines, which is used to describe the location of organs. Quadrants can also be used for clinical studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body planes are imaginary flat surfaces used to divide the body or structures within the body, allowing for a standardized method of anatomical description.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anatomical position is important in medical and anatomical studies because it provides a standardized reference point for describing the positions and relationships of body structures, facilitating clear communication among healthcare professionals and anatomists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive feedback loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase blood flow and release heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormality of function vs. disruptions in homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomical Position</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertebral canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sagittal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9 regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomical Position</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdominopelvic Cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative Feedback Loop = Physiological process that resists changes in the state of controlled condition Positive Feedback Loop = Enhances changes and deviations caused by the original stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body temperature regulation = Negative Feedback Loop Childbirth = Positive Feedback Loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms = Subjective changes in body functions Signs = Objective changes in body functions that can be observed and measured by a clinician</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disorder = Abnormality of function in the body Disease = Disruptions in functions and homeostasis that lead to illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sagittal = Divides into left and right Frontal = Divides into front and back Transverse = Divides into top and bottom Oblique = No description provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dorsal = Located near the dorsal surface of the body Superior = Closer to the head Medial = Closer to the midline of the body Ventral = No description provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dorsal Body Cavity = Cranial cavity and Vertebral canal Ventral Body Cavity = Upper thoracic cavity and lower abdominopelvic cavity Thoracic cavity = Pleural cavities and mediastinum Abdominopelvic cavity = No subdivisions provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomical Position = Subject stands erect with upper extremities at their side, palms turned forward, and feet flat on the floor Directional Terms = Used to locate a body part relative to another Body Planes = Imaginary flat surfaces used to divide body or structures within the body Abdominopelvic Regions = Used to describe the location of organs</p> Signup and view all the answers