ch.1 part 2

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Explain the difference between a positive feedback loop and a negative feedback loop in physiological processes. Provide an example of each.

A negative feedback loop reverses the original stimulus to return the body to homeostasis, while a positive feedback loop enhances changes and deviations caused by the original stimulus. An example of a negative feedback loop is body temperature regulation, and an example of a positive feedback loop is childbirth.

Define disorder and disease, and explain the difference between the two.

A disorder is an abnormality of function in the body, while a disease is disruptions in functions and homeostasis that lead to illness. The difference is that a disorder is an abnormality of function, whereas a disease leads to illness.

Distinguish between symptoms and signs in the context of disease. Provide examples of each.

Symptoms are subjective changes in body functions (e.g. headache, nausea), while signs are objective changes in body functions that can be observed and measured by a clinician (e.g. fever, rash, heart rate).

Provide examples of how negative and positive feedback loops are involved in physiological processes.

An example of a negative feedback loop is the vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin to increase blood flow and release heat during body temperature regulation. An example of a positive feedback loop is the initial contractions during childbirth that push the body towards the cervix. Signup and view all the answers

Define anatomical position and describe the standardized method for positioning the body.

Anatomical position is a standardized method using directional and descriptive terms to refer to body structures. It is when the subject stands erect with upper extremities at their side, palms turned forward, and feet flat on the floor. Signup and view all the answers

List the directional terms used to locate a body part relative to another.

The directional terms used to locate a body part relative to another are dorsal, superior, medial, ventral, inferior, lateral, and proximal. Signup and view all the answers

Name the three body planes and describe how each divides the body.

The three body planes are sagittal (divides into left and right), frontal (divides into front and back), and transverse (divides into top and bottom). Signup and view all the answers

What are the subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity and what structures do they protect?

The subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity are the cranial cavity (surrounds and protects the brain) and the vertebral canal (surrounds and protects the spinal cord). Signup and view all the answers

How is the ventral body cavity subdivided and what does each subdivision contain?

The ventral body cavity is subdivided by the diaphragm into the upper thoracic cavity (contains pleural cavities and mediastinum) and the lower abdominopelvic cavity (contains abdominal and pelvic cavities). Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the abdominopelvic cavity can be divided and what this division is used for.

The abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into nine regions by drawing four imaginary lines, which is used to describe the location of organs. Quadrants can also be used for clinical studies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of body planes in anatomical language?

Body planes are imaginary flat surfaces used to divide the body or structures within the body, allowing for a standardized method of anatomical description. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the anatomical position important in medical and anatomical studies?

The anatomical position is important in medical and anatomical studies because it provides a standardized reference point for describing the positions and relationships of body structures, facilitating clear communication among healthcare professionals and anatomists. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback loop does not return the body to homeostasis?

Positive feedback loop Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin?

Increase blood flow and release heat Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to recognizable changes in body functions that can be observed and measured by a clinician?

Signs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between disorder and disease?

Abnormality of function vs. disruptions in homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the method using directional and descriptive terms to refer to body structures?

Anatomical Position Signup and view all the answers

What is the subdivision of the ventral body cavity that contains everything in the thoracic cavity except the lungs?

Mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

Which body cavity surrounds and protects the spinal cord?

Vertebral canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the imaginary flat surface that divides the body into left and right portions?

Sagittal plane Signup and view all the answers

How many regions can the abdominopelvic cavity be divided into by drawing four imaginary lines?

9 regions Signup and view all the answers

Which directional term is used to locate a body part that is closer to the midline of the body?

Medial Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the body position in which the subject stands erect with upper extremities at their side, palms turned forward, and feet flat on the floor?

Anatomical Position Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the body cavity that is the largest and contains abdominal and pelvic cavities?

Abdominopelvic Cavity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following feedback loops with their characteristics:

Negative Feedback Loop = Physiological process that resists changes in the state of controlled condition Positive Feedback Loop = Enhances changes and deviations caused by the original stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with the correct type of feedback loop:

Body temperature regulation = Negative Feedback Loop Childbirth = Positive Feedback Loop Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Symptoms = Subjective changes in body functions Signs = Objective changes in body functions that can be observed and measured by a clinician Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their meanings:

Disorder = Abnormality of function in the body Disease = Disruptions in functions and homeostasis that lead to illness Signup and view all the answers

Match the following body planes with their descriptions:

Sagittal = Divides into left and right Frontal = Divides into front and back Transverse = Divides into top and bottom Oblique = No description provided Signup and view all the answers

Match the following directional terms with their meanings:

Dorsal = Located near the dorsal surface of the body Superior = Closer to the head Medial = Closer to the midline of the body Ventral = No description provided Signup and view all the answers

Match the following body cavities with their subdivisions:

Dorsal Body Cavity = Cranial cavity and Vertebral canal Ventral Body Cavity = Upper thoracic cavity and lower abdominopelvic cavity Thoracic cavity = Pleural cavities and mediastinum Abdominopelvic cavity = No subdivisions provided Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical terms with their descriptions:

Anatomical Position = Subject stands erect with upper extremities at their side, palms turned forward, and feet flat on the floor Directional Terms = Used to locate a body part relative to another Body Planes = Imaginary flat surfaces used to divide body or structures within the body Abdominopelvic Regions = Used to describe the location of organs Signup and view all the answers