CH 1.2 :  The Basic Economic Problem
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Questions and Answers

What is labor in the context of economics?

  • Human effort provided in the creation of products and services (correct)
  • Government-controlled enterprises and services
  • Tools and machinery used to produce goods and services
  • Individuals who combine the other three factors to create goods and services

What sector of the economy involves manufacturing and processing activities?

  • Primary Sector
  • Secondary Sector (correct)
  • Informal Sector
  • Tertiary Sector

What is the main characteristic of the Public Sector?

  • Businesses owned by individuals or corporations
  • Government-controlled enterprises and services (correct)
  • Registered businesses whose activities are measured in official statistics
  • Unregistered businesses not included in official economic statistics

What kind of goods are consumed immediately or shortly after purchase?

<p>Non-durable Goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the portion of income available for spending or saving after taxes?

<p>Disposable Income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of sustainable development?

<p>Recycling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge to achieving sustainable development?

<p>Pollution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a supportive measure for sustainable development?

<p>Subsidies for environmentally friendly practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sector of the economy provides services rather than goods?

<p>Tertiary Sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of consumer group?

<p>Businesses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental economic challenge that requires individuals and societies to make choices?

<p>Scarcity of resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of scarcity occurs when resources are insufficient to produce a good despite its availability?

<p>Absolute scarcity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a free good?

<p>Air (C), Sunlight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opportunity cost of a choice?

<p>The benefit of the next best alternative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an economic good?

<p>Potatoes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the primary processes that define economic activity within a society?

<p>Production, exchange, and consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of land, which is a factor of production?

<p>Natural resources used to produce goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the foregone benefit of choosing one option over another?

<p>Opportunity cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of scarcity exists when resources are sufficient to satisfy needs but are inaccessible to most due to economic constraints?

<p>Relative scarcity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the limited availability of resources?

<p>The need to make choices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason individuals and societies must make choices?

<p>The limited availability of resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>Absolute scarcity refers to the lack of availability, while relative scarcity refers to the lack of affordability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of free goods?

<p>They are naturally available without cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of choosing one option over another?

<p>The foregone benefit of the next best alternative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary processes that define economic activity within a society?

<p>Production, Exchange, and Consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an economic good?

<p>A loaf of bread (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor of production?

<p>Land (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of opportunity costs in economics?

<p>It reflects the trade-offs involved in making choices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between economic goods and free goods?

<p>Economic goods require scarce resources to produce, while free goods do not (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the economic challenge that arises due to the limited availability of resources?

<p>Scarcity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of an entrepreneur in the economy?

<p>To combine labor, capital, and entrepreneurship to create goods and services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector of the economy is responsible for providing services rather than goods?

<p>Tertiary Sector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the formal and informal sectors?

<p>The inclusion in official economic statistics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of sustainable economic development?

<p>To achieve economic growth without depleting natural resources or harming human and environmental health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge to achieving sustainable development?

<p>Pollution and greenhouse effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of households in the economy?

<p>To consume goods and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of exchange rates?

<p>To facilitate international trade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of government regulatory measures for sustainability?

<p>To curb environmentally harmful activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a durable good?

<p>Vehicle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between businesses and households as consumers?

<p>The purpose of consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why individuals and societies have to make choices?

<p>Because of the limited availability of resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between absolute and relative scarcity?

<p>Absolute scarcity is when resources are insufficient, while relative scarcity is when resources are sufficient but unaffordable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an economic good?

<p>Potatoes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opportunity cost of a choice?

<p>The foregone benefit of the next best alternative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary processes that define economic activity within a society?

<p>Production, exchange, and consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of opportunity costs in economics?

<p>It reflects the trade-offs involved in making choices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor of production?

<p>Labor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of free goods?

<p>They are naturally available without cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the limited availability of resources?

<p>The necessity of making choices and facing opportunity costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of economic activity?

<p>To allocate resources in the most efficient way possible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of entrepreneurship in an economy?

<p>To combine labor, capital, and natural resources to create goods and services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the Tertiary Sector?

<p>It provides services rather than goods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the Formal and Informal Sectors?

<p>Formal sector includes registered businesses, while informal sector includes unregistered businesses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of sustainable economic development?

<p>To conduct economic growth without depleting natural resources or harming human and environmental health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of households in the economy?

<p>To consume goods and services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of exchange rates?

<p>To facilitate international trade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of government regulatory measures for sustainability?

<p>To curb environmentally harmful activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of non-durable goods?

<p>They are consumed immediately or shortly after purchase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of businesses in the economy?

<p>To purchase capital goods to produce other goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge to achieving sustainable development?

<p>Pollution and exploitation of labor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying reason for the existence of opportunity costs?

<p>The limited availability of resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of relative scarcity?

<p>A lack of access to healthcare in a developing country (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of production in economic activity?

<p>To allocate resources efficiently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of allocating resources to produce goods and services?

<p>Production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an economic good that is not a free good?

<p>Grain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why governments must make budget allocations?

<p>To address economic constraints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the benefit given up when choosing one option over another?

<p>Opportunity cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor of production that is naturally available?

<p>Land (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of making a choice due to the limited availability of resources?

<p>Opportunity costs arise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary context in which individuals and societies must make choices?

<p>Due to the limited availability of resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why sustainable economic development involves integrating economic principles with ethical considerations?

<p>To manage resources effectively and equitably (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of entrepreneurship in the economy?

<p>To combine the other three factors of production to create goods and services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the primary sector and the secondary sector?

<p>The primary sector involves extraction of natural resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of government regulatory measures for sustainability?

<p>To curb environmentally harmful activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between businesses and households as consumers?

<p>Businesses purchase capital goods to produce other goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of exchange rates?

<p>To determine how much of one currency can be exchanged for another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of government in the economy?

<p>To invest in public goods and services that benefit society as a whole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the informal sector?

<p>Includes unregistered businesses, which are not included in official economic statistics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of sustainable economic development?

<p>To manage resources effectively and equitably (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between durable goods and non-durable goods?

<p>Durable goods are long-lasting goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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