HIV Targeting and Antiviral Therapy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of HIV is macrophage-tropic and non-syncytium-inducing early in infection?

  • Non-macrophage-tropic and non-syncytium-inducing
  • Slowly replicating and oncogenic
  • T4 cell tropic and non-oncogenic
  • T4 cell tropic and syncytium-inducing (correct)

    • What happens to the CD4+ T-cell count as HIV-specific immune responses emerge?

  • It partially recovers (correct)
  • It becomes oncogenic
  • It remains stable
  • It sharply declines

    • At what point does the risk for opportunistic diseases increase in HIV infection?

  • When the CD4+ T-cell count falls below 200 cells/mL (correct)
  • When the plasma viremia levels increase
  • When the CD4+ T-cell count remains stable
  • When the virus becomes oncogenic

    • What are the three subfamilies of retroviruses based on pathogenicity?

    <p>Oncoviruses, Spumaviruses, and Lentiviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two serotypes of lentivirus that are pathogenic for humans?

    <p>HIV-1 and HIV-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs)?

    <p>The remnants of ancestral retroviral infections that became fixed in the germ line DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene codes for the HIV envelope protein?

    <p>ENV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which co-receptor is NOT a principal co-receptor for HIV-1?

    <p>CD4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the late stage of HIV replication?

    <p>Expression of Gag, Pol, Env, Vif, VPR, and VPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the HIV virion?

    <p>100-120 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are the main targets of HIV in vivo?

    <p>Macrophages and CD4 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard for diagnosing HIV in babies?

    <p>HIV-DNA PCR testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mutation rate and genetic variability of HIV?

    <p>Up to 38%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a way to prevent HIV infection for people at risk of getting it?

    <p>Taking a pill everyday</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the late stage of HIV replication, the virus becomes

    <p>Syncytium-inducing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the CD4+ T-cell count as HIV infection progresses?

    <p>It declines slowly during clinical latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses do not have oncogenic properties?

    <p>RNA viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subfamily of retroviruses is associated with slowly progressive impairment of the immune and nervous systems in humans?

    <p>Lentiviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the viral genome in retroviruses?

    <p>Two identical chains of +ss genomic RNA with positive polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs)?

    <p>Remnants of ancestral retroviral infections that became fixed in the germ line DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the LTR in the HIV genome?

    <p>Controls and activates viral replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene codes for enzymes in the HIV genome?

    <p>POL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the NEF accessory protein in HIV?

    <p>Regulates viral infectivity and replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the morphology of the HIV virion?

    <p>Enveloped and spherical with diameters of 100-120 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body fluid is HIV not found in?

    <p>Tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard for diagnosing HIV in babies?

    <p>HIV-DNA PCR testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of HIV-1 has the highest genetic variability?

    <p>Group M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of HIV transmission during breastfeeding?

    <p>Ingestion of infected fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of HIV is macrophage-tropic and non-syncytium-inducing early in infection?

    <p>T4 cell tropic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the CD4+ T-cell count as the disease progresses?

    <p>It declines slowly during the clinical latency period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RNA virus has oncogenic properties?

    <p>HTLV-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the TAT protein in HIV replication?

    <p>Increases transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are the primary targets of HIV in vivo?

    <p>T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the morphology of the HIV virion?

    <p>Spherical with diameters of 100-120 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the VIF accessory protein in HIV?

    <p>Increases viral infectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three subfamilies of retroviruses based on pathogenicity?

    <p>Adenoviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs)?

    <p>HERVs are remnants of ancestral retroviral infections that became fixed in the germ line DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two serotypes of lentivirus that are pathogenic for humans?

    <p>HIV-1 and HIV-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common subtype of HIV-1 worldwide?

    <p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following body fluids is HIV NOT found in?

    <p>Tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard for diagnosing HIV in babies?

    <p>HIV-DNA PCR testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a way to prevent HIV infection for people at risk of getting it?

    <p>Pre-exposure prophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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