30 Questions
Which principle in cognitive psychology states that mental responses must be inferred from observing behavior?
Donders' Experiment
Who proposed the theory of unconscious inference in perception?
Hermann von Helmholtz
What device did Helmholtz develop to look into the eye?
Ophthalmoscope
Why did Ebbinghaus use nonsense syllables in his memory experiments?
To avoid influence from word meanings
What was one of Helmholtz's contributions to physics?
Development of the Ophthalmoscope
Which researcher performed experiments on memory using lists of nonsense syllables?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
What is the primary focus of Cognitive Psychology?
Studying mind and mental processes
Which ancient Greek philosopher was known as a rationalist?
Plato
What method do rationalists believe in for acquiring knowledge?
Through introspection and inner ideas
Who among the two Greek philosophers emphasized the importance of experience and observation for knowledge?
Aristotle
What is the main difference between a rationalist and an empiricist when it comes to knowledge acquisition?
Rationalists use logic and analysis, while empiricists rely on experience.
Which philosophical perspective aligns more with the scientific study of life-sustaining functions?
Physiology
What did early psychologists criticize about structuralism?
The method of introspection
In contrast to structuralists, what did functionalists focus on?
Processes of thought
What was the principal question that functionalism sought to understand?
Why people do what they do
What did functionalists believe was the key to understanding the human mind and behavior?
Studying how and why the mind works
What concept did functionalism lead to, based on its belief in using methods that best answered researchers' questions?
Pragmatism
According to pragmatists, how is knowledge validated?
By its usefulness
What is the Turing test used for?
Testing if a computer can communicate with humans without being recognized as a computer
What is the main goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI) according to the text?
To construct systems that demonstrate intelligence and process information intelligently
What sparked Donald Broadbent's interest in cognitive psychology?
A puzzle involving AT6 aircraft levers
During World War II, what role did cognitive psychologists like Wendell Garner play?
Consulting with the military to solve practical problems in aviation
What field led to the growth of information theory, according to the text?
Engineering and informatics
Which term was coined by Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary in 2003?
Artificial intelligence (AI)
What is one key aspect that pragmatists are concerned with?
Knowing what people do and what we can do with that knowledge
Why do pragmatists believe the psychology of learning and memory is important?
To improve the performance of children in school and to remember the names of people we meet
Who was a leader in guiding functionalism toward pragmatism?
William James
What was William James' chief functional contribution to psychology?
A single book, Principles of Psychology (1890/1970)
Who is remembered primarily for their pragmatic approach to thinking and schooling?
John Dewey
Which group took up the task of specifying the mechanism by which learning takes place?
Associationists
Test your knowledge on the beginnings and development of cognitive psychology, including its philosophical antecedents. Learn about the contrast between rationalism and empiricism in the study of mind and mental processes.
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