Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does incidence refer to in the context of psychological disorders?
What does incidence refer to in the context of psychological disorders?
What does the term Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) signify in psychological diagnosis?
What does the term Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) signify in psychological diagnosis?
Which term describes the anticipated course of a psychological disorder?
Which term describes the anticipated course of a psychological disorder?
Which of the following best describes 'onset' in relation to psychological disorders?
Which of the following best describes 'onset' in relation to psychological disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following terms refers to the study of the origins of psychological disorders?
Which of the following terms refers to the study of the origins of psychological disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the characteristics of a psychological disorder as defined by the APA?
What is one of the characteristics of a psychological disorder as defined by the APA?
Signup and view all the answers
Which dimension is NOT identified in the characteristics of abnormal behavior?
Which dimension is NOT identified in the characteristics of abnormal behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What is meant by 'deviance' in the context of abnormal psychology?
What is meant by 'deviance' in the context of abnormal psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a reason psychological disorders cannot be defined by a single criterion?
Which of the following is a reason psychological disorders cannot be defined by a single criterion?
Signup and view all the answers
In terms of psychological disorder definitions, which of the following is NOT a characteristic?
In terms of psychological disorder definitions, which of the following is NOT a characteristic?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term refers to significant impairment in functioning, such as in work or relationships?
Which term refers to significant impairment in functioning, such as in work or relationships?
Signup and view all the answers
What does distress in abnormal psychology primarily involve?
What does distress in abnormal psychology primarily involve?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes deviance in the context of abnormal psychology?
Which of the following best describes deviance in the context of abnormal psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the danger aspect of abnormal psychology refer to?
What does the danger aspect of abnormal psychology refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders define as abnormality?
What does the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders define as abnormality?
Signup and view all the answers
Why might Jennie's experience of sadness not be classified as a dysfunction?
Why might Jennie's experience of sadness not be classified as a dysfunction?
Signup and view all the answers
What issue does Coco's search for a wellness center indicate?
What issue does Coco's search for a wellness center indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Joshua's refusal to communicate and lack of motivation should be assessed as which type of psychological issue?
Joshua's refusal to communicate and lack of motivation should be assessed as which type of psychological issue?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant movement did Dorothea Dix establish?
What significant movement did Dorothea Dix establish?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best describes hysteria according to the theories of Franz Anton Mesmer and Jean Charcot?
Which statement best describes hysteria according to the theories of Franz Anton Mesmer and Jean Charcot?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a method employed by Breuer in his work with Anna O.?
What was a method employed by Breuer in his work with Anna O.?
Signup and view all the answers
In what year was the first public mental hospital in the US established?
In what year was the first public mental hospital in the US established?
Signup and view all the answers
What concept did Mesmer and Charcot introduce to explain their therapeutic practices?
What concept did Mesmer and Charcot introduce to explain their therapeutic practices?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a common treatment for possession under the Supernatural Tradition?
What was a common treatment for possession under the Supernatural Tradition?
Signup and view all the answers
Which historical figure denied that demons caused mental illness?
Which historical figure denied that demons caused mental illness?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the perceived influence of the moon and stars on mental health according to the Supernatural Tradition?
What was the perceived influence of the moon and stars on mental health according to the Supernatural Tradition?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'mass hysteria' refer to in the context of psychological phenomena?
What does 'mass hysteria' refer to in the context of psychological phenomena?
Signup and view all the answers
Which form of treatment was NOT used during the Supernatural Tradition?
Which form of treatment was NOT used during the Supernatural Tradition?
Signup and view all the answers
What is NOT a method of torture mentioned in the Supernatural Tradition?
What is NOT a method of torture mentioned in the Supernatural Tradition?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best describes the Biological Tradition in relation to mental illness?
Which statement best describes the Biological Tradition in relation to mental illness?
Signup and view all the answers
How did treatments in the Supernatural Tradition reflect societal beliefs?
How did treatments in the Supernatural Tradition reflect societal beliefs?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Historical Concepts of Psychopathology
- Supernatural Tradition theories on abnormal behavior were based on the belief that demonic forces or spirits were influencing people.
- Demonology and Witches played a significant role in shaping beliefs about mental illness during the 14th century.
- Exorcism was the primary treatment for possession, involving rituals designed to cast out evil spirits.
- Other treatments for possession included: confinement, beatings, torture, being placed over pits of poisonous snakes, dunking in ice-cold water, and hydrotherapy.
- Mass Hysteria refers to large-scale outbreaks of unusual behavior, often characterized by shared beliefs, emotions, and actions.
- Saint Vitus Dance and Tarantism were examples of mass hysteria in the past.
- Modern Mass Hysteria is characterized by emotion contagion, where people experience similar emotions and behaviors due to social influence.
- Mob psychology refers to the phenomenon of a collective response, often influenced by social pressure.
- Moon and Stars were also believed to affect psychological functioning, influenced by the work of Paracelsus.
- Gravitational effects of the moon on bodily fluids were thought to contribute to abnormal behavior.
- Biological Tradition theories focused on understanding the physical causes of mental illness.
- The Hippocratic Tradition challenged demonic explanations and viewed abnormal behavior as having internal causes.
- Hippocrates believed patients should prioritize health over mental illness.
- Psychological Tradition emerged as a distinct approach to understanding mental illness.
- Dorothea Dix played a pivotal role in establishing mental asylums and hospitals in the United States, advocating for better treatment of individuals with mental illness.
- She established the Mental Hygiene Movement, aiming to improve mental health care and conditions.
- Franz Anton Mesmer and Jean Charcot investigated the concept of Animal Magnetism (Mesmerism), which suggested a natural energetic transference between living and non-living objects.
- Mesmer used this to treat patients with hysteria.
- Hysteria was characterized by physical disabilities like blindness or paralysis without any physical cause.
- Charcot believed hysteria was a problem of the nervous system.
- Breuer and the Cathartic Method explored the role of releasing emotional tension by reliving traumatic experiences.
- The Cathartic Method involved having patients recall and express their most distressing thoughts and feelings.
- Bertha Pappenheim (Anna O.) was a patient treated by Breuer, who benefited from the cathartic method through hypnosis.
- Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disorder within a specified timeframe.
- Prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a disorder within a population at a specific point in time.
- Course describes how a mental disorder progresses over time.
- Onset refers to the age at which a disorder first appears.
- Prognosis involves predicting the anticipated course of a disorder.
- Etiology refers to the study of the origins of psychological disorders.
Defining a Psychological Disorder
- The American Psychological Association (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) defines psychological disorders as:
- Clinically Significant difficulties in thinking, feeling, or behaving.
- Causing personal distress in social relationships or occupational functioning.
- Involving dysfunction in psychological, developmental, and neurobiological processes.
- Not a culturally specific reaction to an event.
- Not primarily a result of social deviance.
Dimensions of Abnormal Behavior
- Psychopathology refers to the study and diagnosis of psychological disorders.
-
Abnormal behavior is characterized by four dimensions:
- Dysfunction: Significant impairment in a life area (work, social, relationship).
- Distress: Emotional and psychological responses (unhappiness, pain).
- Deviance: Atypical or not culturally expected, occurring infrequently, violation of social norms.
- Danger: Possibility of hurting oneself or others.
- No single criterion fully defines abnormality.
Abnormality Defined in DSM-5
- The DSM-5 defines abnormality as behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions occurring in a cultural context, leading to present distress or impairment in functioning, or an increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impairment.
Presenting Problems
- A Presenting Problem refers to the reason why a person seeks help from a mental health professional.
Key Facts
- The DSM-5 has replaced Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) with either Other Specified Disorder or Unspecified Disorder. This is used for conditions where the symptoms indicate a generalized diagnosis within a family of disorders but don't meet specific criteria for a distinct diagnosis.
- Normal behavior is often characterized by being socially accepted, usual, common, average, typical, and adhering to norms.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the origins and evolution of psychopathology with a focus on supernatural beliefs and mass hysteria. This quiz covers theories from the demonology of the 14th century to modern interpretations of emotional contagion. Test your knowledge on how these concepts have shaped the understanding of mental illness throughout history.
