Questions and Answers
What is psychopathology?
Scientific study of psychological disorders.
What does developmental psychopathology examine?
Problem behavior in relation to the milestones that are specific to each stage of development.
What characterizes abnormal behavior?
Behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions that are unexpected in their cultural context and associated with present distress.
What is a mental disorder?
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What usually associates with mental disorders?
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What is required for the diagnosis of a harmful dysfunction?
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What does Dyscontrol in mental disorders refer to?
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Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorder worldwide, according to the content.
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What percentage of the European Union population suffers from a mental disorder each year?
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What is the one-dimensional model of psychopathology?
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What is the multi-dimensional model's perspective on causality?
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Study Notes
Psychopathology
- Scientific study focused on understanding psychological disorders.
Developmental Psychopathology
- Examines problematic behavior in relation to developmental milestones.
- Relies on empirical evidence of normal development.
- Useful in understanding issues from infancy through retirement.
Abnormal Behavior
- Defined as unexpected behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions in cultural context.
- Associated with distress, impairment, or increased risk of suffering.
- Contextual knowledge is crucial for identifying abnormal behavior.
- Scientific evidence must guide definitions, rather than theoretical models.
Mental Disorder
- Characterized by significant disturbances in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
- Reflects dysfunction in underlying psychological, biological, or developmental processes.
Characteristics of Mental Disorders
- Often leads to distress or disability in significant life areas (social, occupational).
- Not classified as a mental disorder if it’s a normal response to stressors (e.g., grief).
- Socially deviant behavior isn't a disorder unless stemming from individual dysfunction.
Harmful Dysfunction
- Diagnosing a disorder requires statistical rarity of symptoms coupled with dysfunction causing harm.
- Focuses on the importance of dysfunction causing issues for the individual or those around them.
Dyscontrol
- Impairment stemming from a mental disorder must be involuntary or not easily controlled, as proposed by Widiger.
Anxiety Disorders
- Most prevalent mental disorder globally (excluding Ukraine) with mood disorders following.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders
- Approximately 38% of the EU population experiences a mental or neurological disorder annually.
- Most common disorders include anxiety, insomnia, depression, and substance dependence.
- Depression, dementia, alcohol use disorders, and stroke are highly disabling.
- Mental disorders generally perceived as more disabling than physical disorders in societal and personal relationships.
One-Dimensional Model
- Suggests psychopathology is caused by a single factor (either physical abnormality or conditioning).
- Examples: Chemical imbalances causing schizophrenia or phobias.
Multi-Dimensional Model
- Emphasizes a systemic approach to understanding psychopathology.
- All contributing influences viewed in the context of biology, behavior, cognition, emotion, social, and cultural factors.
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Description
Explore key concepts in the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology with this flashcard quiz. Enhance your understanding of psychological disorders and developmental psychopathology, focusing on critical milestones and empirical knowledge. Perfect for students of clinical psychology.
