Questions and Answers
What industry did Filipinos engage in that eventually could not compete with imported products?
Which of the following activities was NOT mentioned as something Filipinos learned during this period?
What type of ships were noted in Spanish chronicles as being used for trade?
Which group was noted to be trading with the inhabitants of Butuan?
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From which century did regular trade relations between the Philippines and China begin?
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What was one method used by Filipinos for cultivating rice in mountainous regions?
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Which imported product made the local iron industry struggle?
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What kind of rice farming method did Filipinos utilize?
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What significant development occurred around 3,000 B.C. in the Philippines?
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What materials were early Filipinos primarily working with during the Iron Age?
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How long did the settlement and development of tools and weapons take for early Filipinos?
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What evidence suggests that early Filipinos had artistic capabilities?
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When did the Iron Age in the Philippines approximately take place?
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What type of items did the people of Ma-I and San-Hsu primarily trade?
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Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a material traded by the people of Ma-I and San-Hsu?
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Where did the modern men, or homo sapiens, first settle in the Philippines?
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What was the system used by the Filipinos to count years before the introduction of calendars?
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What type of competition did local pottery face around 2,000 years ago?
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What type of tools did early Filipinos primarily use before the Iron Age?
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Which institution was established first during the Spanish colonial period?
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What was the oldest hospital founded in the Far East during the Spanish colonial period?
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Which of the following technological advancements were Filipinos engaged in prior to the Spanish colonial period?
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What was one method of writing that the Filipinos used before Spanish colonization?
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During the 16th century, which of the following developments did not occur in the Philippines?
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What significant educational reform occurred in 1863?
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Which degree was equivalent to a Master’s degree in the context of the educational system mentioned?
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Who is considered the father of Philippine Pharmacy?
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What was one of the subjects taught in the nautical four-year course?
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How many graduates received the Licenciado en Medicina degree after 15 years?
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What was the general perception of higher education among colonial authorities?
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What was one of the challenges faced by students seeking higher education during the 19th century?
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Which of the following subjects was NOT part of the nautical courses offered?
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Who is notably recognized for their research on sea snail venom?
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Which individual is recognized for research in plant biotechnology?
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What is Caesar A. known for in his research?
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Which researcher is associated with the invention of meconium drugs?
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Who is recognized as an outstanding educator and graph theorist?
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Which researcher focused on tilapia culture?
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Who is an internationally renowned physicist mentioned in the content?
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What area of research is Enrique M. Ostrea Jr. primarily associated with?
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Study Notes
Brief Historical Background of Science and Technology in the Philippines
- Homo sapiens first arrived in the Philippines around 50,000 years ago, settling in regions like Palawan and Batangas.
- It took 10,000 years for these early Filipinos to create simple tools and weapons; by 3,000 B.C., they produced seashell ornaments and pottery.
- The development of metal tools began in the Iron Age, from the 2nd or 3rd century B.C. to the 10th century A.D., including copper, gold, bronze, and iron.
- Evidence suggests Filipinos engaged in iron extraction and refining, but this industry waned due to competition with imported cast iron from Sarawak and China.
- Early Filipinos also learned to weave cotton, make glass ornaments, cultivate rice in terraced fields, and build boats for trade.
- By the 10th century A.D., Filipinos from Butuan and Ma-I engaged in established trade relations with Vietnam and China, exchanging goods such as wax, pearls, and cloth.
Pre-Spanish Period
- Filipinos practiced early science and technology, including medicinal uses of plants and basic literacy with a method of counting and weights.
- They lacked a formal calendar but counted years based on lunar cycles and harvests.
Spanish Colonial Period
- The 16th century saw the establishment of various educational institutions, including:
- Colegio de San Ildefonso in Cebu (1595)
- Colegio de San Ignacio in Manila (1595)
- Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Rosario in Manila (1597)
- Colegio de San Jose in Manila (1601)
- The first hospital in the Far East, San Juan Lazaro Hospital, was founded in 1578.
- Educational reforms in the 19th century led to the opening of the School of Medicine and Pharmacy at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) in 1871.
- UST conferred licentiate degrees in medicine and pharmacy; notable graduates included Leon Ma. Guerrero, known as the father of Philippine Pharmacy.
- Higher education was limited due to colonial suspicion of its potential to incite rebellion among Filipinos.
Prominent Figures in Philippine Science and Technology
- Comiso: Distinguished in electrical engineering and a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
- Jose B. Cruz Jr.: Recognized for research on tilapia culture.
- Lourdes J. Cruz: Notable for research on sea snail venom.
- Rafael D. Guerrero III: Innovator in herbal medicine and meconium drugs.
- Fabian M. Dayrit: Respected for contributions to plant biotechnology.
- Enrique M. Ostrea Jr.: Known for interdisciplinary research linking education and communication technology.
- Mari-Jo P. Ruiz: Acclaimed graph theorist and educator.
- Gregory L. Tangonan: Conducted pioneering research on ocean acidification and coral reef damage assessment.
- Caesar A.: Recognized as an internationally renowned physicist for research on coral reefs and ocean health.
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Description
Explore the rich historical background of science and technology in the Philippines, from the arrival of Homo sapiens to early developments in tools, trade, and agriculture. This quiz delves into the innovations of ancient Filipinos and their interactions with neighboring regions. Assess your knowledge of the pre-Spanish period and its impact on Filipino culture.
