Questions and Answers
What is the importance of classifying Filipinos according to their social class?
They were classified into social classes which served as bases of their function and role in society, thus maintaining order in the community.
What is Baybayin?
The system of writing they developed before Spaniards arrived.
What is Animism?
The kind of religion they were practicing during ancient times.
What historical event occurred in 1280 pertaining to Islam?
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What was one of the first shelters for ancient Filipinos?
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Why was there a need for farmers to leave their farms and return later?
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What is a Batalan?
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What were the social classes in Luzon and Visayas?
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Who is William Henry Scott?
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What are the qualifications in choosing a leader among early Filipinos?
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How was bravery measured in Cagayan?
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In Tagalog and Visayan, how was bravery measured?
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What is a Datu?
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How was a Datu's wealth measured?
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What does Maginoo represent?
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What role did the Maharlika play?
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What does Bayani refer to?
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How did they honor their heroes?
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What are the trademarks of warriors in Visayans?
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What is Timawa?
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What were the duties of Timawa?
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What is the lowest class in the society referred to as?
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What does Alipin mean?
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What does Oripun mean?
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What are the three kinds of slaves in Visayans?
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Study Notes
Importance of Social Classifications
- Social classes structured ancient Filipino society, defining individual roles and functions.
- Classifications maintained community order and facilitated social interaction.
Baybayin
- A pre-colonial writing system developed by Filipinos before the Spanish arrival.
Religions
- Animism was the prevalent belief system during ancient times.
Islam in the Philippines
- Spread of Islam in Sulu began in 1280.
Shelter
- Caves served as initial shelters, protecting ancient Filipinos from wild animals and extreme weather.
Agriculture Practices
- Farmers temporarily abandoned land unfit for cultivation to allow rejuvenation, returning after a year.
Batalan
- An area connected to the kitchen for washing dishes and storing kitchen utensils.
Social Classes in Luzon and Visayas
- Highest Class:
- Tagalog: Maginoo
- Visayas: Datu
- Second Class:
- Tagalog: Maharlika
- Visayas: Timawa
- Bottom Class: Alipin
Social Hierarchy
- William Henry Scott noted that a social hierarchy existed among Tagalogs and Visayans.
Leadership Qualifications
- Early Filipino leaders were primarily chosen based on bravery and wealth.
Measuring Bravery in Cagayan
- In Cagayan, bravery was quantified by the number of enemies beheaded.
Bravery in Trade
- Engaging in trade demonstrated courage against natural and human threats, leading to wealth and power.
Role of Datu
- Datus acted as political leaders, dispute settlers, and protectors during conflicts.
Measuring Datu's Wealth
- A datu's wealth was assessed by the quality of gold and number of slaves owned.
Maginoo
- Refers to the noble class within society.
Maharlika
- Class of warriors who defended barangays and were exempt from tribute to the datu.
Recognition of Heroes
- Heroes were honored with celebrations, receiving gold-covered carabao horn as a sign of appreciation.
Warrior Identification
- Visayan warriors were distinguished by tattoos, while Tagalog leaders adorned a red putong.
Timawa Class
- Free individuals paying tribute to the datu and engaged in various trades such as farming, fishing, and weaving.
Duties of Timawa
- Responsibilities included aiding the datu in agriculture, accompanying him in expeditions, and mediating marriages.
Slave Class
- The lowest social class in ancient Filipino society.
Terminology for Slaves
- Alipin is the Tagalog term for slaves, while Oripun is used in Visayas.
Types of Slaves in Visayas
- Notable example includes the Ayuey, among potentially other classifications.
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Description
Explore the social structures that defined ancient Filipino society, including social classes, belief systems, and early agricultural practices. This quiz covers various aspects such as the Baybayin writing system, the spread of Islam, and shelter types used by early Filipinos.