Bone and cartilage histo
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of articular cartilage?

  • Aids in the formation of new cartilage cells
  • Helps in anchoring cartilage to bones
  • Absorbs shock and reduces friction at joints (correct)
  • Provides flexibility and elasticity to the cartilage

    • Which zone of articular cartilage contains chondrocytes in parallel columns?

  • Zone 1: Superficial
  • Zone 3: Radial (correct)
  • Zone 2: Transitional
  • Zone 4: Calcified

    • What type of growth occurs in hyaline and elastic cartilages?

  • Both appositional and interstitial growth (correct)
  • No growth occurs in these cartilages
  • Interstitial growth only
  • Appositional growth only

    • Why does articular and fibrocartilage lack appositional growth?

    <p>Lack of perichondrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of cartilage stains darker than the matrix of other layers?

    <p>Calcified layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a specific property of perichondrium that affects the growth of cartilage?

    <p>Provides a boundary for nutrient diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of articular cartilage?

    <p>Transform articulating bone ends into lubricated, wear-proof surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do only hyaline and elastic cartilages have a perichondrium?

    <p>To provide a source of new cartilage cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the perichondrium contains blood, nerve supply, and lymphatics?

    <p>Outer fibrous layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which zone of articular cartilage are chondrocytes rather small and flattened parallel to the surface?

    <p>Zone 1 - Tangential orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic structure of hyaline cartilage that makes it highly hydrated?

    <p>Proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of articular cartilage?

    <p>Support and protect joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of articular cartilage is closest to the joint surface and contains flattened chondrocytes?

    <p>Surface zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers are found in all cartilages, including elastic cartilage?

    <p>Collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the perichondrium in cartilage tissue?

    <p>Growth regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of articular cartilage are chondrocytes arranged in columns perpendicular to the surface?

    <p>Calcified zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes fibrocartilage from hyaline cartilage in terms of structure?

    <p>Rich in type I collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of articular cartilage is characterized by large chondrocytes and high proteoglycan content?

    <p>Proliferative zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoclasts?

    <p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone suppresses bone resorption by osteoclasts?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the bone do osteocytes occupy shallow depressions known as lacunae?

    <p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells release osteoclast stimulating factor in response to Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?

    <p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Calcitonin affect calcium levels in the blood?

    <p>Supresses bone resorption by osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells have receptors for various hormones including calcitonin?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are capable of forming bone during bone repair and growth?

    <p>Endosteal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone tissue contains osteons with a parallel arrangement of collagen fibers?

    <p>Compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized connective tissue composed of a monolayer of osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and endosteal cells?

    <p>Endosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure within the compact bone is best seen in the diaphysis of long bones?

    <p>Osteons (Haversian system)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of bone is sensitive to tearing or tension due to its sensory innervation by pain nerves?

    <p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system supplies blood to the outer 1/3 of the cortex in long bones?

    <p>Periosteal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

    <p>Break down bone tissue by resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily involved in increasing blood calcium levels by targeting bones?

    <p>Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

    <p>Initiate the process of bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the histological structure of the periosteum?

    <p>Composed of dense irregular connective tissue with an outer fibrous layer and an inner osteogenic layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of compact (cortical) bone in the skeletal system?

    <p>Provides strength and support for weight-bearing activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does calcitonin affect blood calcium levels in the body?

    <p>Inhibits osteoclasts to reduce calcium release from bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

    <p>Break down bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does calcitonin affect blood calcium levels in the body?

    <p>Decreases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

    <p>Produce new bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone primarily increases blood calcium levels by targeting bones?

    <p>Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes fibrocartilage from hyaline cartilage in terms of structure?

    <p>Presence of elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone tissue contains osteons with a parallel arrangement of collagen fibers?

    <p>Compact (Cortical) Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoclasts?

    <p>Resorb bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone suppresses bone resorption by osteoclasts to decrease blood calcium levels?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do osteoclasts originate from?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in calcium regulation?

    <p>Increase blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells have receptors for various hormones including calcitonin?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone formation occurs during growth or repair and is characterized by an irregular arrangement of collagen fibers?

    <p>Primary (immature, woven) bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

    <p>Stimulate calcium release from bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone suppresses bone resorption by osteoclasts?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do large irregular, short, and flat bones primarily receive their blood supply from?

    <p>Periosteal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do osteoblasts do in bone tissue?

    <p>Build new bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of bone is sensitive to tearing or tension due to its sensory innervation by pain nerves?

    <p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component produced by chondrocytes in cartilage?

    <p>Hyaluronic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Masson's Trichrome stain in histological staining of cartilage?

    <p>Highlight collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cartilage in growth and development, especially in children?

    <p>Allowing bones to expand without breaking apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histological staining technique is specifically used to highlight areas with heavily sulfated mucopolysaccharides in hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Alcian Blue and PAS stains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a crucial role in providing stability to skeletal structures like rib cages and vertebrae?

    <p>Collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is hyaline cartilage commonly found in the human body?

    <p>In the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage has less collagen content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage is characterized by having a rubbery texture and can be found in the external ear?

    <p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up the primary components of the extracellular matrix of cartilage?

    <p>Water, proteoglycans, and collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chondrocytes responsible for in cartilage tissue?

    <p>Maintaining the overall shape of the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What staining techniques are commonly used to study cartilage histology?

    <p>Hematoxylin and eosin staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone tissue?

    <p>Regulating calcium ion exchange and sensing mechanical forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of osteoblasts in bone formation?

    <p>Synthesizing and secreting organic components like collagen fibrils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is primarily carried out by osteoclasts in bone tissue?

    <p>Breaking down and resorbing bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells originate from osteoblasts and communicate with each other through canaliculi?

    <p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type plays a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis by sensing mechanical forces?

    <p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution do osteoblasts make to bone growth and repair processes?

    <p>Initiating bone formation during growth and repair processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

    <p>Secreting enzymes that dissolve the mineralized matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cell type differentiates into osteoblasts during bone remodeling?

    <p>Osteoprogenitor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main protein component of bone matrix?

    <p>Type I collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mineral constituent contributes to the rigidity of bone?

    <p>Calcium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cell type eventually becomes trapped within the calcified extracellular matrix during bone remodeling?

    <p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process ensures an appropriate balance between bone formation and resorption?

    <p>Bone modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

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