Bone and cartilage histo

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What is the function of articular cartilage?

Absorbs shock and reduces friction at joints

Which zone of articular cartilage contains chondrocytes in parallel columns?

Zone 3: Radial

What type of growth occurs in hyaline and elastic cartilages?

Both appositional and interstitial growth

Why does articular and fibrocartilage lack appositional growth?

<p>Lack of perichondrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of cartilage stains darker than the matrix of other layers?

<p>Calcified layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a specific property of perichondrium that affects the growth of cartilage?

<p>Provides a boundary for nutrient diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of articular cartilage?

<p>Transform articulating bone ends into lubricated, wear-proof surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do only hyaline and elastic cartilages have a perichondrium?

<p>To provide a source of new cartilage cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the perichondrium contains blood, nerve supply, and lymphatics?

<p>Outer fibrous layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which zone of articular cartilage are chondrocytes rather small and flattened parallel to the surface?

<p>Zone 1 - Tangential orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic structure of hyaline cartilage that makes it highly hydrated?

<p>Proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of articular cartilage?

<p>Support and protect joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of articular cartilage is closest to the joint surface and contains flattened chondrocytes?

<p>Surface zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers are found in all cartilages, including elastic cartilage?

<p>Collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the perichondrium in cartilage tissue?

<p>Growth regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which layer of articular cartilage are chondrocytes arranged in columns perpendicular to the surface?

<p>Calcified zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fibrocartilage from hyaline cartilage in terms of structure?

<p>Rich in type I collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of articular cartilage is characterized by large chondrocytes and high proteoglycan content?

<p>Proliferative zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of osteoclasts?

<p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone suppresses bone resorption by osteoclasts?

<p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where in the bone do osteocytes occupy shallow depressions known as lacunae?

<p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells release osteoclast stimulating factor in response to Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?

<p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Calcitonin affect calcium levels in the blood?

<p>Supresses bone resorption by osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells have receptors for various hormones including calcitonin?

<p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are capable of forming bone during bone repair and growth?

<p>Endosteal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone tissue contains osteons with a parallel arrangement of collagen fibers?

<p>Compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specialized connective tissue composed of a monolayer of osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and endosteal cells?

<p>Endosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure within the compact bone is best seen in the diaphysis of long bones?

<p>Osteons (Haversian system)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of bone is sensitive to tearing or tension due to its sensory innervation by pain nerves?

<p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system supplies blood to the outer 1/3 of the cortex in long bones?

<p>Periosteal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

<p>Break down bone tissue by resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily involved in increasing blood calcium levels by targeting bones?

<p>Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

<p>Initiate the process of bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the histological structure of the periosteum?

<p>Composed of dense irregular connective tissue with an outer fibrous layer and an inner osteogenic layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of compact (cortical) bone in the skeletal system?

<p>Provides strength and support for weight-bearing activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does calcitonin affect blood calcium levels in the body?

<p>Inhibits osteoclasts to reduce calcium release from bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

<p>Break down bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does calcitonin affect blood calcium levels in the body?

<p>Decreases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

<p>Produce new bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone primarily increases blood calcium levels by targeting bones?

<p>Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fibrocartilage from hyaline cartilage in terms of structure?

<p>Presence of elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone tissue contains osteons with a parallel arrangement of collagen fibers?

<p>Compact (Cortical) Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of osteoclasts?

<p>Resorb bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone suppresses bone resorption by osteoclasts to decrease blood calcium levels?

<p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do osteoclasts originate from?

<p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in calcium regulation?

<p>Increase blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells have receptors for various hormones including calcitonin?

<p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone formation occurs during growth or repair and is characterized by an irregular arrangement of collagen fibers?

<p>Primary (immature, woven) bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

<p>Stimulate calcium release from bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone suppresses bone resorption by osteoclasts?

<p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do large irregular, short, and flat bones primarily receive their blood supply from?

<p>Periosteal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do osteoblasts do in bone tissue?

<p>Build new bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of bone is sensitive to tearing or tension due to its sensory innervation by pain nerves?

<p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component produced by chondrocytes in cartilage?

<p>Hyaluronic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Masson's Trichrome stain in histological staining of cartilage?

<p>Highlight collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilage in growth and development, especially in children?

<p>Allowing bones to expand without breaking apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which histological staining technique is specifically used to highlight areas with heavily sulfated mucopolysaccharides in hyaline cartilage?

<p>Alcian Blue and PAS stains</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays a crucial role in providing stability to skeletal structures like rib cages and vertebrae?

<p>Collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is hyaline cartilage commonly found in the human body?

<p>In the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage?

<p>Hyaline cartilage has less collagen content</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is characterized by having a rubbery texture and can be found in the external ear?

<p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the primary components of the extracellular matrix of cartilage?

<p>Water, proteoglycans, and collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chondrocytes responsible for in cartilage tissue?

<p>Maintaining the overall shape of the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What staining techniques are commonly used to study cartilage histology?

<p>Hematoxylin and eosin staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone tissue?

<p>Regulating calcium ion exchange and sensing mechanical forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key responsibility of osteoblasts in bone formation?

<p>Synthesizing and secreting organic components like collagen fibrils</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is primarily carried out by osteoclasts in bone tissue?

<p>Breaking down and resorbing bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells originate from osteoblasts and communicate with each other through canaliculi?

<p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type plays a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis by sensing mechanical forces?

<p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution do osteoblasts make to bone growth and repair processes?

<p>Initiating bone formation during growth and repair processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

<p>Secreting enzymes that dissolve the mineralized matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cell type differentiates into osteoblasts during bone remodeling?

<p>Osteoprogenitor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main protein component of bone matrix?

<p>Type I collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mineral constituent contributes to the rigidity of bone?

<p>Calcium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cell type eventually becomes trapped within the calcified extracellular matrix during bone remodeling?

<p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process ensures an appropriate balance between bone formation and resorption?

<p>Bone modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

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