Histology Cell Cycle Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Cell division

Energy production

Regulation of molecule entry and exit (correct)

Protein synthesis

Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes

Mitochondria (correct)

Ribosomes

What is contained within the nucleus of a cell?

Ribosomes

Chromatin and nucleolus (correct)

Peroxisomes

Cytoplasm

What is the main role of lysosomes in a cell?

Digest macromolecules Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle processes, packages, and secretes modified cell products?

Golgi Apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes within a cell?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which cytoskeletal structure is involved in maintaining cell shape?

Microtubules Signup and view all the answers

What role do centrioles play in cellular function?

Cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

It directs protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the equatorial plate?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during telophase of mitosis?

The nuclear envelope and nucleoli reform. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is described as the cell's outer protective layer?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by nondisjunction of chromosomes leading to mental retardation?

Down syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nuclear envelope during prometaphase?

It completely disappears. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do the nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of cells with malignant tumors?

Nuclei are enlarged, abnormally shaped, and darkly stained. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of filaments in a cell?

Maintaining the shape and providing mechanical strength Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the cell cycle involves the copying of DNA?

S Phase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell begin to prepare for division by condensing genetic material?

G2 Phase Signup and view all the answers

What type of inclusions can be found in cells as nutritive substances?

CHO, FAT, and CHON Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'M' phase in the cell cycle stand for?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inclusions in a cell are involved in the storage of pigment granules?

Inclusions Signup and view all the answers

What role do vacuoles serve in the cell?

Storing nutrients and waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

The cell prepares to replicate DNA Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure

Basic unit of life, composed of various parts each with specific functions.

Parts of the Cell

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
- Regulates entry and exit of molecules.
Nucleus
- Central structure with a double membrane enclosing nuclear pores.
- Contains chromatin (DNA and proteins) with a nucleolus that produces ribosomal subunits.
Cytoplasm
- Semifluid substance between cell membrane and nuclear membrane containing organelles.

Organelles and Their Functions

Ribosomes
- Site of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Rough ER (RER): Studded with ribosomes, involved in protein processing.
- Smooth ER (SER): Lacks ribosomes, involved in lipid processing and detoxification.
Mitochondria
- Known as the "powerhouse," responsible for ATP production via cellular respiration.
Lysosomes
- Digestive enzymes for breaking down macromolecules.
Golgi Apparatus
- Modifies, packages, and secretes cell products.
Peroxisomes
- Involved in oxidative processes.
Cytoskeleton
- Composed of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments; provides structure and facilitates movement.
Centrioles
- Assist in cell division.
Cilia
- Motile projections that aid in movement.
Filaments
- Provide shape and mechanical strength to cells.

Inclusions (Non-Living Components)

Nutritive Substances
- Includes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Pigment Granules
- Example: Melanin, involved in coloration.
Vacuoles
- Storage cavities within the cell.
Foreign Substances
- Engulfed by macrophages.

Cell Cycle

Process through which a cell divides to form two new cells, consisting of stages: G1, S, G2, and M.
G1 Stage
- Preparatory phase for cell division.
S Phase
- DNA synthesis occurs, duplicating genetic material.
G2 Stage
- Organizes and condenses genetic material in preparation for division.
M Phase
- Mitosis takes place where genetic material is distributed into daughter cells.

Nucleus

Largest organelle directing protein synthesis.
Contains nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and chromatin.

Plasma Membrane

Envelops the cell and maintains structural integrity known as plasmalemma.

Mitosis Stages

Prophase: Nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear.
Prometaphase: Nuclear envelope fully disappears.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.
Anaphase: Chromatids move to opposite poles.
Telophase: Nuclear envelope and nucleoli reform.

Common Diseases

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
- Resulting from nondisjunction of chromosomes; characterized by mental retardation and short stature.
Malignant Tumors (Cancer)
- Characterized by enlarged, abnormally shaped nuclei with dark staining.

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Description

Test your knowledge on histology and the cell cycle with this quiz. Explore the roles of various cellular structures, including filaments and inclusions, and understand their importance in maintaining cell shape and function. Perfect for students studying histology or related fields.