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Histology and Embryology Chapter 14: Endocrine System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the neurohypophysis?

To regulate the synthesis and release of hormones from the adenohypophysis
To synthesize and release hormones
To provide a direct neural connection to the brain (correct)
To store and release hormones from the hypothalamus

What is the main target of oxytocin released during childbirth?

Smooth muscles of the pregnant uterus (correct)
Pituicytes in the neurohypophysis
Neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
Smooth muscles of the lactating mammary glands

Where are the cell bodies of the neurons that synthesize oxytocin and vasopressin located?

In the lactating mammary glands
In the neurohypophysis
In the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus (correct)
In the adenohypophysis

What stimulates the release of oxytocin before birth?

Vaginal and cervical distension (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the feedback mechanism in the regulation of hormone synthesis and release?

To directly act on cells in the adenohypophysis or neurons in the hypothalamus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the milk-ejection reflex in the lactating mammary glands?

To stimulate the release of oxytocin in response to suckling (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the HPO-axis?

To produce hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to the endocrine system?

To regulate the pituitary gland's hormone production (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?

The absence of excretory ducts (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following endocrine glands is not a mixed (endocrine-exocrine) organ?

Thyroid gland (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pituitary gland in the HPO-axis?

To stimulate the production of hormones in target organs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of steroid hormones and thyroid hormones that allows them to interact with hormone receptors?

They are lipophilic and can easily cross cellular membranes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone is produced by endocrine cells and can penetrate the cell membrane?

Steroids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pouch that forms during embryonic development and eventually gives rise to the pituitary gland?

Hypophyseal pouch (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are nonsteroid receptors for protein and peptide hormones usually located?

On the cell membrane of target cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) in the pituitary gland?

To produce hormones that influence the action of peripheral tissues or organs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the interaction between hormone receptors and protein/peptide hormones?

The production of intracellular molecules called second messengers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cAMP in the cellular response to hormone signaling?

It activates a specific sequence of enzymes and various cellular events (C) Signup and view all the answers

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