18 Questions
What is the primary function of the neurohypophysis?
To provide a direct neural connection to the brain
What is the main target of oxytocin released during childbirth?
Smooth muscles of the pregnant uterus
Where are the cell bodies of the neurons that synthesize oxytocin and vasopressin located?
In the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
What stimulates the release of oxytocin before birth?
Vaginal and cervical distension
What is the function of the feedback mechanism in the regulation of hormone synthesis and release?
To directly act on cells in the adenohypophysis or neurons in the hypothalamus
What is the function of the milk-ejection reflex in the lactating mammary glands?
To stimulate the release of oxytocin in response to suckling
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the HPO-axis?
To produce hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to the endocrine system?
To regulate the pituitary gland's hormone production
What characteristic distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?
The absence of excretory ducts
Which of the following endocrine glands is not a mixed (endocrine-exocrine) organ?
Thyroid gland
What is the primary function of the pituitary gland in the HPO-axis?
To stimulate the production of hormones in target organs
What is the primary characteristic of steroid hormones and thyroid hormones that allows them to interact with hormone receptors?
They are lipophilic and can easily cross cellular membranes
Which type of hormone is produced by endocrine cells and can penetrate the cell membrane?
Steroids
What is the name of the pouch that forms during embryonic development and eventually gives rise to the pituitary gland?
Hypophyseal pouch
Where are nonsteroid receptors for protein and peptide hormones usually located?
On the cell membrane of target cells
What is the function of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) in the pituitary gland?
To produce hormones that influence the action of peripheral tissues or organs
What is the result of the interaction between hormone receptors and protein/peptide hormones?
The production of intracellular molecules called second messengers
What is the role of cAMP in the cellular response to hormone signaling?
It activates a specific sequence of enzymes and various cellular events
Learn about the endocrine system, hormones, and the pituitary gland in thisHistology and Embryology Chapter 14 quiz.
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