Endocrine System: Thyroid Gland Anatomy and Hormones Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main hormone secreted by the Parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?

  • Thyroxine
  • Thyroglobulin
  • Calcitonin (correct)
  • Triiodothyronine

    • Where are the thyroid glands typically located in most mammals?

  • Caudal to the trachea (correct)
  • Cranial to the trachea
  • Dorsal to the trachea
  • At the level of the third tracheal ring

    • Which molecule is a major substrate that combines with iodine to form thyroid hormones?

  • Tyrosine (correct)
  • Iodide
  • Thyroglobulin
  • Calcitonin

    • What is the main storage site of active thyroid hormones within the thyroid gland?

    <p>Colloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do catecholamines and thyroid hormones differ in terms of blood transport?

    <p>Thyroid hormones circulate unbound in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is iodine transported into the thyroid follicle cells?

    <p>Active transport with sodium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme facilitates the synthesis of thyroid hormones within the thyroid follicle lumen?

    <p>Thyroid Peroxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of follicular cells within the thyroid gland?

    <p>Synthesis of thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the thyroid gland is rich in thyroglobulin and serves as a key storage location for active thyroid hormones?

    <p>Thyroid Follicle Lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Tyrosine in the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Combines with iodine to form thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where does iodine originate for thyroid hormone synthesis in the body?

    <p>Intestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of colloid within the thyroid follicles?

    <p>Storage of active thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product when one iodine molecule attaches to the tyrosyl ring of tyrosine amino acid on thyroglobulin protein?

    <p>Monoiodotyrosine (MIT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about thyroid hormone T3 is true?

    <p>Produced by peripheral deiodination of T4 in target tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme-dependent process mainly produces T3 from T4 in target tissues?

    <p>Deiodinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in the transport of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Transport in plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily responsible for the conjugation formation of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism in cats?

    <p>Increased appetite (polyphagia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary cause of hypothyroidism in dogs?

    <p>Autoimmune thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism related to metabolism in affected animals?

    <p>Lethargy and obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of iodine deficiency in cattle, sheep, and goats?

    <p>Inadequate dietary intake of iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the enlargement of the thyroid glands due to iodine deficiency?

    <p>Goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the follicular cells within the thyroid gland?

    <p>Synthesize thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of blood transport, how do catecholamines differ from thyroid hormones?

    <p>Catecholamines bind to cell membrane receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant difference between catecholamines and thyroid hormones in terms of their properties?

    <p>Thyroid hormones are hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure within the thyroid gland serves as the main storage site for active thyroid hormones?

    <p>Thyroid follicle lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Thyroid Peroxidase in the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Converts iodide into iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical feature of the thyroid glands allows mammals to cope with iodine deprivation?

    <p>Colloid storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Secrete calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is iodine transported into the thyroid follicle cells?

    <p>Na+/I- cotransporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major molecule involved in the formation of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Thyroid Peroxidase in thyroid hormone synthesis?

    <p>Assisting in thyroid hormone production steps within the lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does iodine originate from for thyroid hormone synthesis?

    <p>Dietary sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tyrosine in thyroid hormone synthesis?

    <p>To combine with iodine to form thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hyperthyroidism in cats?

    <p>Hyperplasia or tumors of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is typically associated with hypothyroidism in dogs?

    <p>Reproductive disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary cause of hypothyroidism associated with strong breed disposition in dogs?

    <p>Lymphocytic thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is most commonly affected by iodine deficiency resulting in goiter?

    <p>Cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom related to hypermetabolism seen in cats with hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Increased appetite (polyphagia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thyroid pathology is more common in cats than in dogs?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product when two iodine molecules attach to the tyrosyl ring of tyrosine amino acid on thyroglobulin protein?

    <p>Triiodothyronine (T3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme-dependent process mainly produces T3 from T4 in target tissues?

    <p>Deiodination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in the transport of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Transport of thyroid hormones in plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme facilitates the synthesis of thyroid hormones within the thyroid follicle lumen?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are active thyroid hormones stored within the thyroid gland?

    <p>Colloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metabolic process that interferes with hormone concentrations and can cause high levels of thyroid hormones in the blood?

    <p>Metabolic clearance rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of thyroid hormones in cellular metabolism?

    <p>Increase mitochondrial activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do thyroid hormones influence carbohydrate metabolism?

    <p>Increase glucose absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of C-cells or Parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Secrete calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is a major substrate for the formation of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is iodide transported into the thyroid follicle cells?

    <p>Active transport with Na+/I- cotransporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme facilitates the synthesis of thyroid hormones within the thyroid follicle lumen?

    <p>Thyroid Peroxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do thyroid follicle cells trap iodide from?

    <p>Intestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Thyroid Peroxidase in the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Facilitates the synthesis of thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thyroid hormones in target tissues?

    <p>Stimulate metabolic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical feature of the thyroid gland is rich in thyroglobulin and serves as a key storage location for active thyroid hormones?

    <p>Colloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In most mammals, where are the thyroid glands typically located?

    <p>Caudal to the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism in dogs?

    <p>Iodine deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme-dependent process mainly produces T3 from T4 in target tissues?

    <p>Deiodination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main storage of active thyroid hormones within the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyroid follicle lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product when 1 molecule of iodine attaches to the tyrosyl ring on thyroglobulin protein?

    <p>DIIODOTYROSINE (DIT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the metabolic breakdown of thyroid hormones in liver, skeletal muscle, and kidneys?

    <p>Iodothyronine Deiodinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom can hypothyroid individuals present due to the effect of thyroid hormones on lipid metabolism?

    <p>Hyperlipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological action of thyroid hormones affects the rate of ATP synthesis by increasing mitochondria activity?

    <p>Increase in basal metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are T3 and T4 released from thyroid follicle cells into the bloodstream?

    <p>By passive diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Thyroxine-binding Globulin (TBG) in the transport of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Transport thyroid hormones in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation can a decreased metabolic clearance rate of thyroid hormones lead to high concentrations in the blood?

    <p>In liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typically associated with hyperthyroidism in cats?

    <p>Increased thirst and urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of hypothyroidism in dogs with a strong breed disposition?

    <p>Autoimmune thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary symptom related to hypometabolism in animals with hypothyroidism?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of iodine deficiency in cattle, sheep, and goats leading to goiter?

    <p>Inadequate dietary iodine intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which animals is hyperthyroidism most commonly observed?

    <p>Cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hyperthyroidism in cats?

    <p>Hyperplasia or tumors of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

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