Hip & Knee Function and Clinical Implications

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle contributes to hip flexion?

Biceps femoris

Gluteus maximus

Pectineus (correct)

Gracilis

What is the main function of the gluteus medius?

Hip adduction

Hip internal rotation (correct)

Hip external rotation

Hip flexion

Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the hip joint?

Obturator nerve (correct)

Ulnar nerve

Sciatic nerve

Radial nerve

Which condition is characterized by unstable or dislocatable hips in infants?

Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is classified as a hip extensor?

Semitendinosus Signup and view all the answers

What are common joints affected by the condition mentioned?

Hips and knees Signup and view all the answers

In which settings does occupational therapy typically operate?

Community, hospital, clinic, and homes Signup and view all the answers

Which teams collaborate with occupational therapy?

Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary teams Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the ICF is primarily examined in relation to participation?

Environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What is a common question asked when assessing function at the hip and knee joints?

What activities of daily living do you use them for? Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of occupational therapy (OT)?

Promote participation and meaningful engagement Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is essential to consider in OT interventions?

Environmental and contextual factors Signup and view all the answers

What type of surgery is the 42-year-old man waiting for?

Total hip replacement surgery Signup and view all the answers

What consideration is essential for the 68-year-old woman living alone?

Her desire to return to work after 6 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated about the man with a BMI of 49 kg/m2?

He requires immediate surgical intervention for bilateral knee surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a conservative option for self-management?

Weight bearing exercises Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for surgical intervention?

Osteoarthritis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential short-term complication of arthroplasty?

Hip dislocation Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed during post-operative rehabilitation?

Pain management strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for post-operative homecare?

Previously diagnosed diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is typically required for discharge home after surgery?

Complete mobility and transfers independently Signup and view all the answers

What type of device is used to promote participation in mobility?

Mobility aids Signup and view all the answers

What does 'weight bearing precautions' refer to post-surgery?

Limiting pressure on the operated area Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can influence the choice of walking aid post-surgery?

Pain level and weight bearing status Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates the need for further inpatient rehabilitation?

Limited social supports or planning Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of osteoarthritis of the hip?

Increased pain with standing or walking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical treatment option for a hip fracture?

Weight bearing and movement precautions Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by hip, groin, or buttock pain that may also refer pain to the knee?

Osteoarthritis of Hip Signup and view all the answers

What movement is NOT allowed under universal hip precautions?

Twisting Signup and view all the answers

Avascular necrosis primarily results from what physiological disruption?

Interruption of blood supply Signup and view all the answers

During which activity might a patient experience snapping associated with iliotibial band syndrome?

Running Signup and view all the answers

What type of hip fracture is most commonly associated with falls?

Femoral neck fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication following surgery for a hip fracture?

Need for hip precautions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee?

Provides stability by restraining anterior translation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following knee flexors is NOT part of the hamstring group?

Popliteus Signup and view all the answers

What condition would most likely be indicated by an inability to bear weight and visible swelling?

Distal femur fracture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classes of ligaments helps resist external rotation of the tibia?

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily offers stability to the knee during flexion?

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint classified as?

Hinge joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions involves excessive inward tilting of the knee?

Genu valgum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bursae in the knee joint?

Reduce friction and pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with an ACL injury?

Knee gives out Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a bucket handle tear in the meniscus?

A tearing of meniscus that results in a locking mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should be avoided post-hip arthroplasty?

Resisted internal rotation Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament helps resist excessive knee flexion?

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) Signup and view all the answers

What symptom might indicate meniscal injury?

Pain at the joint line Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the patella to surrounding knee structures?

Retinaculum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hip & Knee Function, Conditions, and Clinical Implications

The presentation covered the function, conditions, and clinical implications of hip and knee joints.
The University of Alberta acknowledges Treaty 6 territory.
Students will be able to apply biomechanical principles, understand common conditions, and describe how occupational performance is affected by hip & knee issues.
Key functions of the hip include supporting the upper body, transferring forces between pelvis and lower limbs, and allowing for a large range of motion (ROM).

Hip Bones

The hip is composed of three bones: the ilium (largest), pubis (smallest), and ischium.

Hip Ligaments

Two intra-articular ligaments: the ligamentum teres and transverse acetabular ligament.
Three extra-articular ligaments: iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments attach the femur to the hip joint.
Each ligament has a specific function, limiting movement and providing stability

Hip Muscles

Flexors: Psoas major/minor, iliacus, pectineus, adductor longus, brevis, magnus, tensor fasciae latae
Extensors: Gluteus maximus, inferior adductor magnus, hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)
Abductors: Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis
Adductors: Adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis, pectineus
External Rotators: Lateral rotator group (obturator externus, piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris)
Internal Rotators: Hip adductor group, gluteus medius (anterior), gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

Hip Conditions

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): Femur misalignment in the acetabulum.
Bursitis: Inflammation of bursae (trochanteric, iliopsoas).
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS): Pain from the IT band rubbing over the greater trochanter.
Avascular Necrosis: Death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply.
Hip Fracture: Common result from falls.
Acetabular fracture: Usually requires surgical repair and weight bearing restrictions.
Osteoarthritis: Progressive changes to the hip joint.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: chronic, systemic inflammatory condition, affecting joint tissues and potentially other organs

Knee Joint Structures and Functions

Tibiofemoral joint: The articulation of the femur, tibia, and fibula.
Patellofemoral joint: Involving the patella and femur.
Proximal tibiofibular joint: Connecting the tibia to the fibula.
"Hinge" joint: Permits movement in one plane.
MCL, LCL, ACL, PCL: Types of knee Ligaments

Knee Muscles

Flexors: Hamstrings, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, popliteus, gastrocnemius
Extensors: Quadriceps: rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis.

Knee Conditions

Ligament Injuries: ACL injury, O’Donoghe's triad, medial meniscus, MCL injury
Meniscal tears: Caused by twisting strains, leading to longitudinal tears. Symptoms of pain, locking of the knee, and springy block of full extension along with pain.
Patella dislocation: Caused by shallow femoral sulcus, quadriceps insertion abnormalities, and muscle imbalance.
Trauma/Fractures: Distal femur and proximal tibia fractures
Osteoarthritis: progressive joint issues causing flaking and exposure of free nerve endings in the joint with bone changes
Congenital Conditions: Genu varum (bow legs), genu valgum – knock knees

Supporting Information

Various surgical and rehabilitation procedures are available for each condition.
Appropriate assistive devices for mobility, dressing, and other support based on patient situation and needs
Home care support can help with home exercises, self-care, home environment, and cognitive support.
Rehabilitation and physical therapy are necessary for healing and recovery after certain conditions or surgeries.
Medical complications like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, infection are possible after hip and knee surgery as well as loosening of the joint over time

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Description

This quiz explores the biomechanics of hip and knee joints, focusing on their functions, common conditions, and clinical implications. Understand how these joints impact occupational performance and review key anatomical features, including bones, ligaments, and muscles involved. Suitable for students studying rehabilitation or physical therapy.