Biomechanics of the Hip Joint

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Questions and Answers

What is the movement of the femur during abduction in the sagittal plane?

Femur rolls medially and glides laterally

Femur rolls inferior and glides superior

Femur rolls laterally and glides medially

Femur rolls superior and glides inferior (correct)

Which of the following muscles is NOT a primary motor muscle for hip abduction?

Gluteus Maximus

Piriformis (correct)

Gluteus Medius

Tensor of the Fasciae Latae (TFL)

What is the limiting factor for hip adduction?

Pubofemoral Ligament

Iliofemoral Ligament (correct)

Articular limitation

All of the above

In an open kinetic chain, what is the movement of the femoral head on the acetabulum?

Femoral head moves on the acetabulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the femur in the hip joint?

Convex Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is a primary motor muscle for hip adduction?

Adductor Magnus Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the roll and glide during hip movements?

Opposite directions Signup and view all the answers

What limits the extension of the knee?

Anterior chain soft tissue tension Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Synovial 'Ball and socket' joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

To increase the congruence of the joint Signup and view all the answers

In which direction is the acetabulum normally directed?

Laterally, anteriorly, and inferiorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ligament that is technically part of the labrum?

Transverse acetabular ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal angle of inclination between the neck and the shaft of the femur?

120-125º Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of movement where the hip joint works in non-weight bearing during open kinematic chain movements?

Open Kinematic Chain (OKC) movement Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint stability does the hip joint have?

One of the most stable synovial joints Signup and view all the answers

What are the static stabilizers of the hip joint?

Ligaments and joint capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is a primary motor muscle for external rotation of the femur?

Piriformis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Pelvitrocantereous Muscles during internal rotation?

Act as active ligaments due to their tone and depth Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Gluteus Maximus muscle during external rotation?

Secondary motor muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is responsible for limiting internal rotation?

Ischiofemoral ligament Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the tip of the foot during external rotation?

It points out Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is a secondary motor muscle for internal rotation?

Tensor Fasciae Latae Signup and view all the answers

What limits external rotation of the femur?

Tension in the Iliofemoral and Pubofemoral ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT a primary motor muscle for internal rotation?

Piriformis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Acetabular Labrum in the hip joint?

To deepen the socket and increase the concavity of the acetabulum Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament directly connects the head of the femur to the acetabulum?

Ligamentum Teres Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of the femoral head during flexion in the hip joint?

It spins posteriorly Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is involved in the kinetics of flexion in the hip joint?

Psoas/Iliacus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the contact area of the hip joint during the gait cycle?

It is a rolling point Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Ligamentum Teres in the hip joint?

To provide stability and proprioception to the hip joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the osteokinematics of the hip joint during flexion?

The femoral head moves posteriorly on the acetabulum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a dynamic stabilizer of the hip joint?

Muscles and myofascial tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the amplitude of internal rotation in the hip joint?

30-40º Signup and view all the answers

During flexion of the hip joint, what is the direction of the arthrokinematic movement?

Anterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the lumbopelvic rhythm characterized by?

Combined and coordinated movements of the hip, pelvis, and lumbar spine Signup and view all the answers

In an open kinetic chain (OKC), what is the moving part of the hip joint?

Femur Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of the acetabulum on the femur in a closed kinetic chain (CKC)?

Osteokinematic movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'open-packed position' of the hip joint?

Hip flexion, abduction, and external rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the arthrokinematic movement during abduction of the hip joint?

Superior Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of the pelvis during internal rotation of the hip joint?

Right pelvic rotation with right leg internal rotation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hip Joint/Femoroacetabular Joint

Synovial "ball and socket" joint (spheroidal joint) with 3 degrees of freedom: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation.

Function

Supports the load of the head, arms, and trunk
Transmits force
Facilitates locomotion
Works in non-weight bearing (NWB) during open kinematic chain (OKC) movements and in weight bearing (WB) during closed kinematic chain (CKC) movements

Anatomical Reminder: Pelvis

Composed of 2 coxa or innominate bones
Each innominate bone is composed of 3 fused bones: pubis, ilium, and ischium
Articulating surface in the hip joint: acetabulum, which is part of the pelvis

Acetabulum

The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum
The acetabulum is normally directed laterally, anteriorly, and inferiorly
The acetabulum creates the hip joint (spheroid joint)
Acetabular labrum increases congruence (stability)
Transverse acetabular ligament: technically part of the labrum, but contains no chondrocytes

Anatomical Variations and Influence on Movement

The angle of inclination between the neck and the shaft of the femur can vary between humans (normal 120-125º, coxa vara 105º, coxa valga 140º)
Changes in the angle of inclination of the head of the femur can influence movement

Hip Joint Stability

One of the most stable synovial joints
Static stabilizers (passive structures):
- Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilage) and transverse acetabular ligament
- Strong capsule
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Dynamic stabilizers: muscles and myofascial tissue

Arthrokinematics of the Hip

Open kinetic chain (NWB): femoral head moves on acetabulum, femur=CONVEX
Roll and glide: opposite directions
Abduction: femur rolls superior/glides inferior
Adduction: femur rolls inferior/glides superior

Kinetics of Hip Abduction

Primary motor muscles: gluteus medius, tensor of the fasciae latae (TFL)
Secondary motor muscles: gluteus minimus, piriformis, gluteus maximus fibers, obturator externus and gemellius superior and inferior, sartorius

Kinetics of Hip Adduction

Primary motor muscles: adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis
Secondary motor muscles: quadratus femoris, obturator externus and obturator internus

Kinetics of Flexion

Primary motor muscles: psoas/iliacus, rectus femoris, sartorius, TFL
Secondary motor muscles: none

Kinetics of Extension

Primary motor muscles: gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
Secondary motor muscles: none

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy and function of the hip joint, including its structure, degrees of freedom, and role in supporting the body and facilitating movement.