Muscles of the Lower Limb
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of the gluteus maximus?

  • Hip abduction
  • Knee stabilization
  • Hip flexion
  • Hip extension (correct)

    • Which muscle is crucial for maintaining pelvic stability during walking?

  • Gluteus Medius (correct)
  • Biceps Femoris
  • Rectus Femoris
  • Gluteus Minimus

    • Which muscle primarily acts as a knee extensor?

  • Tensor Fascia Latae
  • Vastus Intermedius (correct)
  • Sartorius
  • Semitendinosus

    • What is the role of the tensor fascia latae (TFL) in lower limb movement?

    <p>Hip abduction and flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine and acts on both hip and knee joints?

    <p>Rectus Femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the semitendinosus muscle?

    <p>Knee flexion and hip extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the gluteus minimus is accurate?

    <p>It assists in hip abduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle inserts into the iliotibial tract?

    <p>Tensor Fascia Latae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery branches off the abdominal aorta and becomes the femoral artery?

    <p>External iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for innervating the adductor muscles of the thigh?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the dorsalis pedis artery?

    <p>Supplies the dorsal surface of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity?

    <p>Semimembranosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior tibial artery is responsible for supplying which compartment of the leg?

    <p>Anterior compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve controls foot eversion and provides sensory feedback?

    <p>Superficial fibular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip adduction and flexion?

    <p>Adductor longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the popliteal artery branch into?

    <p>Anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the plantar aspect of the foot?

    <p>Posterior tibial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the Extensor Digitorum muscle?

    <p>Extension of the toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia?

    <p>Extensor Digitorum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle's action mainly involves pointing the toes downward?

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about muscle locations and actions is correct?

    <p>Muscles on the front of a joint typically act as flexors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles attach to the medial proximal tibia?

    <p>Sartorius, Gracilis, and Semitendinosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament attaches the femur to the ischium of the pelvis?

    <p>Ischiofemoral Ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion point of the iliopsoas muscle?

    <p>Lesser trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is primarily performed by the knee joint?

    <p>Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the muscle whose origin is the anterior superior iliac spine.

    <p>Sartorius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the ankle joint classified as?

    <p>Hinge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle acts as a hip abductor and inserts into the iliotibial band?

    <p>Tensor Fascia Latae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle primarily acts to bring the hip back into extension?

    <p>Gluteus Maximus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles originates from the ischial tuberosity?

    <p>Semimembranosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the Sartorius muscle?

    <p>Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles originates from the iliac fossa?

    <p>Iliacus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the Adductor Magnus perform?

    <p>Extension and adduction of the hip joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the Psoas major muscle?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is primarily responsible for flexion of the knee joint?

    <p>Hamstrings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscle that inserts at the lesser trochanter is responsible for which action?

    <p>Flexion of the hip joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle acts to extend the hip joint?

    <p>Adductor magnus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for flexing both the hip and knee joints?

    <p>Sartorius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve supply to the quadratus femoris muscle?

    <p>Nerve to quadratus femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity and has a dual head?

    <p>Biceps femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT performed by the semitendinosus muscle?

    <p>Lateral rotation of the leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the biceps femoris insert?

    <p>Head of the fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle contributes to lateral rotation of the hip joint?

    <p>Quadratus femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the biceps femoris receives its nerve supply from a different source?

    <p>Long head supplied by the common peroneal part of the sciatic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the Adductor Longus muscle?

    <p>Adduction of the hip joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as the upper attachment point for the tendon of obturator internus?

    <p>Lesser sciatic notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the Gracilis muscle?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle has its insertion on the medial surface of the tibia?

    <p>Semitendinosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Soleus muscle insert?

    <p>Posterior surface of calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional action does the Adductor Magnus muscle perform besides hip adduction?

    <p>Extension of the hip joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle acts as a powerful plantar flexor of the ankle joint?

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the Plantaris muscle?

    <p>Lateral condyle of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle flexes the knee joint and also contributes to plantar flexion?

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is performed primarily by the Gracilis muscle?

    <p>Adduction of the hip joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Tibialis Anterior?

    <p>Inverts the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle originates from the fibula and acts to dorsiflex the ankle?

    <p>Peroneus Tertius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for the extension of the big toe?

    <p>Extensor Hallucis Longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

    <p>Deep peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the Peroneus Longus?

    <p>Lateral surface of fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT performed by the Extensor Digitorum Longus?

    <p>Plantar flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Peroneus Tertius play in foot movement?

    <p>Eversion of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle's primary action includes supporting the medial longitudinal arch?

    <p>Tibialis Anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the popliteus muscle?

    <p>Unlocking the knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion point of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?

    <p>Base of the distal phalanx of the lateral four toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for supporting the medial and lateral longitudinal arches of the foot?

    <p>Tibialis posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the flexor hallucis longus primarily perform?

    <p>Plantar flexion at the ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is not directly involved in the actions of the flexor digitorum longus?

    <p>Navicular tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is performed by the tibialis posterior muscle?

    <p>Plantar flexion and inversion of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which origin does the flexor hallucis longus muscle arise?

    <p>Post. surface of the shaft of the fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Peroneus Brevis muscle?

    <p>Eversion of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the foot muscles contains the Flexor Hallucis Brevis?

    <p>3rd layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle's primary function includes supporting the lateral longitudinal arch?

    <p>Peroneus Longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion point for the Peroneus Longus muscle?

    <p>Base of the 1st metatarsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the 1st layer of the foot muscles?

    <p>Lumbricals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is associated with the Peroneus muscles?

    <p>Superficial peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Quadratus Plantae in the foot?

    <p>Assists in toe flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the 4th layer of the foot muscles?

    <p>Contains the Interossei muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscles of the Lower Limb

    • Gluteus Maximus: Originates from the posterior ilium, sacrum, and coccyx; inserts into the gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the iliotibial tract. Primarily responsible for hip extension and external rotation.
    • Gluteus Medius: Originates from the outer surface of the ilium; inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur. Essential for hip abduction and external rotation, significantly contributing to pelvic stability during walking.
    • Gluteus Minimus: Originates from the outer surface of the ilium, inferior to gluteus medius; inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur. Primarily involved in hip abduction, with a minor role in medial rotation.
    • Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL): Originates from the anterior superior iliac spine; inserts into the iliotibial tract. Primarily responsible for hip abduction and flexion, and assists in knee stabilization.
    • Rectus Femoris: Originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine and upper acetabulum; inserts into the tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon. Acts on both hip and knee joints, extending the knee and assisting hip flexion.
    • Vastus Lateralis: Originates from the greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line of the femur; inserts into the tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon. A major knee extensor.
    • Vastus Medialis: Originates from the intertrochanteric line and medial surface of the femur; inserts into the tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon. A crucial knee extensor.
    • Vastus Intermedius: Originates from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur's shaft; inserts into the tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon. A deep muscle, primarily responsible for knee extension.
    • Sartorius: Originates from the anterior superior iliac spine; inserts into the medial aspect of the proximal tibia. A long, strap-like muscle, acting on both hip and knee joints, flexing and abducting the hip, and flexing the knee.
    • Biceps Femoris: Originates in two heads; one from the ischial tuberosity (long head) and one from the linea aspera of the femur (short head); inserts into the head of the fibula and the lateral condyle of the tibia. Primarily responsible for knee flexion, hip extension, and external rotation.
    • Semitendinosus: Originates from the ischial tuberosity; inserts into the medial aspect of the proximal tibia. Acts on both knee and hip joints, flexing the knee and extending the hip.
    • Semimembranosus: Originates from the ischial tuberosity; inserts into the medial condyle of the tibia. Crucial for knee flexion and hip extension.
    • Adductor Longus: Originates from the pubis; inserts into the linea aspera of the femur. Contributes to hip adduction and flexion.
    • Adductor Magnus: Originates from the pubic ramus and ischial tuberosity; inserts into the linea aspera of the femur. A major hip adductor, also contributing to flexion and extension.
    • Gracilis: Originates from the pubis; inserts into the medial surface of the proximal tibia. A significant hip adductor and flexor, also assisting in knee flexion.

    Hip Flexors

    • Sartorius: Origin: ASIS, Insertion: Proximal medial tibia.
    • Rectus Femoris: Origin: AIIS, Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity
    • Iliopsoas: Origin: Iliacus (anterior iliac fossa) and Psoas Major (lumbar vertebrae); Insertion: Lesser trochanter.

    Hip Extensors

    • Gluteus Maximus: Origin: Posterior iliac fossa; Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity.
    • Hamstrings: Origin: Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: varies.
      • Biceps femoris (long and short heads): Insertion: Lateral side, Fibular head.
      • Semitendinosus: Insertion: Proximal medial tibia.
      • Semimembranosus: Insertion: Medial condyle of the tibia.

    Hip Abductors

    • Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL): Origin: ASIS and anterior iliac crest, Insertion: Iliotibial (IT) band.
    • Gluteus Medius: Origin: Lateral surface of ilium; Insertion: Greater trochanter.

    Hip Adductors

    • Pectineus: Origin: Superior pubic ramus; Insertion: Proximal medial femur, linea aspera.
    • Adductor Group: (adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis) Origin: Pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and body of the pubis; Insertion: Adductor tubercle.
    • Gracilis: Origin: Inferior pubic ramus; Insertion: Proximal medial tibia.

    Lateral Hip Rotators

    • Piriformis: Origin: Anterior sacrum; Insertion: Greater trochanter (and other lateral rotators also insert here).

    Arteries of the Lower Limb

    • External Iliac Artery: Branches off the abdominal aorta, supplying the lower limb; becomes the femoral artery in the groin.
    • Femoral Artery: Primary artery of the thigh, supplying muscles and tissues; continues as the popliteal artery.
    • Popliteal Artery: Travels behind the knee; branches into the anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries.
    • Anterior Tibial Artery: Supplies the anterior compartment of the leg; becomes the dorsalis pedis artery after passing over the ankle.
    • Posterior Tibial Artery: Supplies the posterior compartment of the leg; branches into the medial and lateral plantar arteries.
    • Dorsalis Pedis Artery: Supplies the dorsal surface of the foot.
    • Plantar Arteries (Medial and Lateral): Provide blood supply to the bottom of the foot.

    Nerves of the Lower Limb

    • Femoral Nerve: Arises from the lumbar plexus; innervates the quadriceps femoris muscle group and provides sensory input to the anterior thigh.
    • Obturator Nerve: Emerges from the lumbar plexus, innervating the adductor muscles of the thigh.
    • Sciatic Nerve: Largest nerve of the body, originating from the sacral plexus; divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves.
    • Tibial Nerve: Branches from the sciatic nerve, innervating posterior compartment muscles (plantar flexors).
    • Common Fibular Nerve: Branches from the sciatic nerve; supplies anterior and lateral leg and foot compartments; branches into the superficial and deep fibular nerves.
    • Superficial Fibular Nerve: Innervates muscles controlling foot eversion and some sensory areas.
    • Deep Fibular Nerve: Innervates muscles involved in dorsiflexion and toe extension, plus certain sensory areas.

    Important Considerations

    • Detailed muscle origins and insertions are essential for understanding their functions in movement.
    • The arterial system ensures consistent blood flow, crucial for complex muscle activity.
    • Nerve pathways control muscle contractions and sensory feedback.
    • Understanding anatomical relationships is vital for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

    Joints of the Lower Extremity

    • Hip Joint: Ball and socket joint; femur sits in the acetabulum; allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation.
    • Knee Joint: Hinge joint; similar to the elbow; allows for flexion and extension.
    • Ankle Joint: Hinge joint; allows for plantar flexion (pointing toes down), dorsiflexion (lifting toes up), inversion (turning sole of foot inward), and eversion (turning sole of foot outward).

    Ligaments of the Hip

    • Pubofemoral Ligament: Attaches to the pubis and femur.
    • Iliofemoral Ligament: Attaches to the iliac bone and femur.
    • Ischiofemoral Ligament: Attaches to the ischium and femur.

    Ankle Muscles

    • Tibialis Anterior: Origin: Lateral condyle of the tibia; Insertion: Medial cuneiform bone; Action: Dorsiflexion (lifts toes up).
    • Extensor Digitorum: Origin: Lateral condyle of the tibia; Insertion: Phalanges (toes); Action: Extend the toes.
    • Soleus: Origin: Posterior surface of the tibia; Insertion: Calcaneus bone (heel); Action: Plantar flexion (points toes down).
    • Gastrocnemius: Origin: Medial and lateral condyles of the femur; Insertion: Calcaneus bone (heel); Action: Plantar flexion (points toes down).

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    Muscles of the Lower Limb Revision - PDF

    Description

    Explore the anatomy and functions of the major muscles in the lower limb. This quiz covers the origins, insertions, and primary actions of key muscles, including the gluteus maximus, medius, minimus, tensor fascia latae, and rectus femoris. Test your knowledge on their roles in hip movement and stability.

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