Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of joint is the hip joint?
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Which nerve supplies the adductor muscles of the hip?
Which nerve supplies the adductor muscles of the hip?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip flexion?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip flexion?
What common condition can result from tightness in the iliopsoas muscle?
What common condition can result from tightness in the iliopsoas muscle?
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Which of the following muscles is not a hip extensor?
Which of the following muscles is not a hip extensor?
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Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the hip joint?
Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the hip joint?
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What action does the sartorius muscle perform in addition to hip flexion?
What action does the sartorius muscle perform in addition to hip flexion?
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Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius muscle?
Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius muscle?
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What is the origin of the Adductor Longus?
What is the origin of the Adductor Longus?
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Which function is associated with the Adductor Magnus?
Which function is associated with the Adductor Magnus?
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What is the primary action of the Piriformis muscle?
What is the primary action of the Piriformis muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the Adductor Longus?
Which nerve supplies the Adductor Longus?
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Which condition is commonly associated with injuries to the Adductor muscles?
Which condition is commonly associated with injuries to the Adductor muscles?
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What is one of the blood supplies to the Piriformis muscle?
What is one of the blood supplies to the Piriformis muscle?
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Which part of the Adductor Magnus is innervated by the sciatic nerve?
Which part of the Adductor Magnus is innervated by the sciatic nerve?
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What characterizes osteitis pubis?
What characterizes osteitis pubis?
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What is the origin of the Rectus Femoris muscle?
What is the origin of the Rectus Femoris muscle?
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Which action is NOT performed by the Gluteus Maximus?
Which action is NOT performed by the Gluteus Maximus?
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What nerve supplies the Gluteus Medius?
What nerve supplies the Gluteus Medius?
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Which of the following muscles assists with hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation?
Which of the following muscles assists with hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation?
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What is the main action of the Gluteus Minimus?
What is the main action of the Gluteus Minimus?
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Which artery supplies blood to the Rectus Femoris?
Which artery supplies blood to the Rectus Femoris?
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A condition characterized by lateral pelvic drop during walking is associated with weakness in which muscle?
A condition characterized by lateral pelvic drop during walking is associated with weakness in which muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the Rectus Femoris muscle?
Which nerve supplies the Rectus Femoris muscle?
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Study Notes
Hip Joint
- Ball and socket joint
- Formed by the acetabulum of the pelvis and the head of the femur
- Functions include weight-bearing, locomotion, stability, and flexibility
Muscles of the Hip
- Flexors: Iliopsoas, Sartorius, Rectus Femoris
- Extensors: Gluteus Maximus, Hamstrings
- Abductors: Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor Fascia Latae
- Adductors: Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Magnus, Gracilis, Pectineus
- Internal Rotators: Gluteus Medius (anterior fibers), Gluteus Minimus
- External Rotators: Piriformis, Obturator Internus, Obturator Externus, Gemelli, Quadratus Femoris
Neurovascular Structures of the Hip
Main Nerves
- Femoral Nerve: Innervates anterior hip muscles (flexors)
- Sciatic Nerve: Passes through the gluteal region, innervates posterior compartment (extensors)
- Obturator Nerve: Supplies adductor muscles
-
Gluteal Nerves:
- Superior (innervates gluteus medius, minimus)
- Inferior (innervates gluteus maximus)
Blood Supply
- Arteries: Femoral artery, obturator artery, superior and inferior gluteal arteries
- Veins: Femoral vein, great saphenous vein
Iliopsoas Muscle
-
Origin:
- Psoas major: Transverse processes of T12-L5 vertebrae
- Iliacus: Iliac fossa of pelvis
- Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
- Action: Hip flexion
- Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Blood Supply: Iliolumbar artery, femoral artery
- Clinical Relevance: Tightness can contribute to lower back pain and anterior pelvic tilt
Sartorius Muscle
- Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
- Insertion: Pes anserinus (medial surface of tibia)
- Action: Flexes, abducts, and externally rotates the hip; flexes the knee
- Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
- Blood Supply: Femoral artery
- Clinical Relevance: Pes anserine bursitis can affect the insertion point of the sartorius.
Rectus Femoris Muscle
- Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and superior part of the acetabulum
- Insertion: Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament)
- Action: Hip flexion, knee extension
- Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Blood Supply: Lateral circumflex femoral artery
- Clinical Relevance: Strain is common in sports involving kicking or sudden acceleration
Gluteus Maximus Muscle
- Origin: Ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
- Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
- Action: Hip extension, external rotation
- Nerve Supply: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
- Blood Supply: Inferior and superior gluteal arteries
- Clinical Relevance: Weakness can contribute to lower back pain and hip instability
Gluteus Medius Muscle
- Origin: Outer surface of ilium
- Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
- Action: Hip abduction and internal rotation
- Nerve Supply: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
- Blood Supply: Superior gluteal artery
- Clinical Relevance: Weakness can lead to "Trendelenburg gait."
Gluteus Minimus Muscle
- Origin: Outer surface of ilium (below gluteus medius)
- Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
- Action: Hip abduction, internal rotation
- Nerve Supply: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
- Blood Supply: Superior gluteal artery
- Clinical Relevance: Strain or injury may result in referred pain to the hip and buttock area.
Tensor Fascia Latae Muscle
- Origin: Anterior iliac crest
- Insertion: Iliotibial tract/band
- Action: Assists with hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation
- Nerve Supply: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
- Blood Supply: Lateral circumflex femoral artery
- Clinical Relevance: Tightness can contribute to iliotibial band (ITB) syndrome.
Adductor Longus Muscle
- Origin: Pubis (near pubic symphysis)
- Insertion: Middle third of linea aspera of femur
- Action: Hip adduction, assists in flexion
- Nerve Supply: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
- Blood Supply: Deep femoral artery
- Clinical Relevance: Strain is common in sports requiring rapid direction changes or side movements
Adductor Magnus Muscle
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity and inferior pubic ramus
- Insertion: Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
- Action: Hip adduction, flexion (adductor part), extension (hamstring part)
- Nerve Supply: Obturator nerve (adductor part), sciatic nerve (hamstring part) (L2-S1)
- Blood Supply: Deep femoral artery
- Clinical Relevance: Can be involved in hip joint pathologies such as osteitis pubis.
Piriformis Muscle
- Origin: Anterior surface of the sacrum
- Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
- Action: External rotation of the hip
- Nerve Supply: Nerve to piriformis (S1-S2)
- Blood Supply: Superior and inferior gluteal arteries
- Clinical Relevance: Piriformis syndrome occurs when the piriformis muscle compresses the sciatic nerve.
Common Conditions and Injuries
- Hip fractures
- Osteoarthritis
- Sciatica and Piriformis syndrome
- Hip labral tears
- Tendinopathies (e.g., gluteal tendinopathy)
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of the hip joint, including its structure as a ball and socket joint formed by the pelvis and femur. It also explores the various muscle groups that play a role in hip movement, such as flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors, along with their neurovascular innervation.
