Heart Failure Clinical Pharmacist Dr. Fatima Bani Salama Overview

Myocardial infarction, Hypertension, Valvular heart disease, Volume overload in renal failure, Cardiomyopathy

Cardiac reserve is the ability to increase cardiac output during increased activity in normal individuals. It is important for adapting to increased demands on the heart.

The physiology of heart failure is based on the inability of the failing heart to maintain sufficient cardiac output and the compensatory mechanisms that contribute to the progression of heart failure.

<p>Compensated heart failure involves adaptive mechanisms that maintain cardiac output despite the heart's inability to function properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Main symptoms of left-sided heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema. Right-sided heart failure symptoms include abdominal pain, swelling in the legs, and weight gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By increasing ventricular end-diastolic volume, leading to increased stretching of myocardial fibers and an increase in the force of the next contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is eventually transmitted to the atria and pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary congestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases peripheral vascular resistance, leading to an increase in afterload against which the heart must pump.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves renin, angiotensin II, vasoconstriction, and stimulation of aldosterone for water and salt retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a long-term compensatory mechanism to meet the increased work demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased wall tension leads to an increase in oxygen consumption, which can result in ischemia and further impairment of cardiac function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in muscle mass, chamber dilation, impaired systolic and diastolic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased capillary density, increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compensated heart failure lacks congestion of body tissues, while CHF is accompanied by congestion (accumulation of fluid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease in cardiac contractility and ejection fraction, increase in diastolic volume, ventricular dilation, ventricular wall tension, and end-diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smaller ventricular chamber size, ventricular hypertrophy, poor ventricular compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edema in lower extremities when upright, weight gain, hepatomegaly, ascites, anorexia, distended jugular veins</p> Signup and view all the answers