Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which clinical features are typically associated with left-sided heart failure (LHF)?
Which clinical features are typically associated with left-sided heart failure (LHF)?
- High output failure, marked weight loss, and chest pain
- Peripheral edema, ascites, and hepatomegaly
- Dyspnea, cough with pink frothy sputum, and bilateral basal rales (correct)
- Fatigue, altered mental status, and oliguria
What is a common sign of right-sided heart failure (RHF)?
What is a common sign of right-sided heart failure (RHF)?
- Pleural effusion
- Hemoptysis
- S3 heart sound (correct)
- Wheezing
Which of these clinical features represent hypoperfusion in heart failure?
Which of these clinical features represent hypoperfusion in heart failure?
- Dyspnea and orthopnea
- Cool extremities and hypotension (correct)
- Weight gain and elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP)
- Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
Which of the following is a potential symptom of heart failure that is not directly related to the heart itself?
Which of the following is a potential symptom of heart failure that is not directly related to the heart itself?
Which clinical feature is particularly characteristic of chronic heart failure?
Which clinical feature is particularly characteristic of chronic heart failure?
Flashcards
Left Heart Failure (LHF) Symptoms
Left Heart Failure (LHF) Symptoms
Includes dyspnea (DOE, PND, orthopnea), cough with pink frothy sputum, hemoptysis, wheezing.
Left Heart Failure (LHF) Signs
Left Heart Failure (LHF) Signs
Bilateral basal rales and pleural effusion on examination.
Right Heart Failure (RHF) Symptoms
Right Heart Failure (RHF) Symptoms
Fatigue, abdominal discomfort, bloating, peripheral edema, and jaundice due to fluid overload.
Right Heart Failure (RHF) Signs
Right Heart Failure (RHF) Signs
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Hypoperfusion Symptoms
Hypoperfusion Symptoms
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Study Notes
Clinical Features of Heart Failure
- Age and Sex: Any age, predominantly elderly, any sex
- Symptoms (Left Heart Failure - LHF):
- Dyspnea (DOE, PND), orthopnea (at rest), cough with pink frothy sputum, hemoptysis, wheezing
- Symptoms (Right Heart Failure - RHF):
- Foot and leg discomfort, abdominal discomfort/bloating, anorexia, early satiety
- Signs (LHF): Bilateral basal rales, pleural effusion
- Signs (RHF): Peripheral edema (legs, sacral), ascites, RUQ pain/discomfort, hepatomegaly/splenomegaly, jaundice, increased jugular venous pressure (↑JVP), S3, loud P2, tachycardia
- Volume Overload:
- Increased volume in the body manifesting as fluid retention
- Hypoperfusion:
- Fatigue
- Altered mental status (daytime drowsiness, confusion, difficulty concentrating)
- Dizziness, presyncope, syncope
- Oliguria
- Cool extremities, pallor, dusky skin discoloration
- Hypotension, narrow pulse pressure, pulsus alternans
- Uremia
- Other Symptoms:
- Depression
- Palpitations
- High output failure associated with increased cardiac output (↑CO) and peripheral vasodilation
- Chronic HF associated with marked weight loss (cachexia)
- Chest pain as a possible cause (CF) for underlying conditions, e.g. myocardial infarction
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