Heart Development and Septum Formation
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Heart Development and Septum Formation

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the primary septum in the foramen ovale?

  • Prevents blood from flowing from the left atrium to the right atrium
  • Allows oxygenated blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium
  • Serves as a valve to prevent blood from returning to the right atrium (correct)
  • Directs blood flow from the ventricles to the atria

    • What happens to the blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation after birth?

  • It drops due to the expansion of the lungs with the first breaths (correct)
  • It becomes irregular and unpredictable
  • It remains the same as it was before birth
  • It increases due to the sudden contraction of the heart

    • What is the relationship between the primary septum and the foramen ovale?

  • The primary septum is a part of the foramen ovale
  • The primary septum covers the foramen ovale
  • The primary septum is separate from the foramen ovale
  • The primary septum serves as a valve for the foramen ovale (correct)

    • What happens to the ostium secundum after the formation of the secondary septum?

    <p>It is hidden by the secondary septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the secondary septum in the heart?

    <p>To form the border of the foramen ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the blood flow in the heart after the lungs expand with the first breaths?

    <p>There is a sudden blood pressure drop in the pulmonary circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the sudden expansion of the lungs after birth?

    <p>A sudden drop in blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the primary septum in atrial partitioning?

    <p>To serve as a valve for the foramen ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ostium primum?

    <p>To allow blood to pass from the right atrium to the left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the passage that forms between the primary and secondary septa?

    <p>Foramen ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the septum that grows to the right of the primary septum?

    <p>Septum secundum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the endocardial cushions?

    <p>To fuse with the primary atrial septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the foramen ovale?

    <p>To allow blood to pass from the right atrium to the left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fusion of the interventricular septum with the endocardial cushions?

    <p>Separation of the right and left ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What replaces ostium primum when it closes?

    <p>Ostium secundum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the interventricular septum?

    <p>To separate the right and left ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During atrial septation, what happens to the primary septum?

    <p>It fuses with the secondary septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a straight aortico-pulmonary septum?

    <p>Transposition of the great vessels develops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the foramen ovale?

    <p>To allow blood to flow from the RA to the LA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the foramen ovale after birth?

    <p>It closes physiologically and later anatomically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the lungs receive little blood in the fetal circulation?

    <p>Because they are not functional yet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the spiral aortico-pulmonary septum?

    <p>It ensures proper blood flow to the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of transposition of the great vessels?

    <p>It is incompatible with life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the umbilical arteries in fetal circulation?

    <p>To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of heart tube formation?

    <p>Dorsal view, lateral view, heart tube after loop formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is divided into aorta and pulmonary trunk during heart development?

    <p>Truncus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of chambers in a mammalian heart?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During atrio-ventricular canal partitioning, what is divided into left and right atria?

    <p>Primitive atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of incorrect heart looping?

    <p>Defects in aortic arches development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is divided into left and right ventricles during heart development?

    <p>Primitive ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the partitioning of the atrio-ventricular canal?

    <p>Separation of the atria and ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the development of the cardiovascular system in the embryo?

    <p>To replace the system of nutrition by diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of blood vessel development in the embryo?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the cardiogenic field in the embryo?

    <p>Around the anterior and lateral portions of the neural plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the cardiac tube formation in the embryo?

    <p>It is the first functional system in the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue gives rise to the cardiovascular system in the embryo?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the mesoderm in the development of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>It forms the angioblastic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cells that give rise to the cardiovascular system in the embryo?

    <p>Hemangioblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of atrial partitioning does the ostium primum allow passage of blood from the right to the left atrium?

    <p>As the primary atrial septum grows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fusion of the interventricular septum with the endocardial cushions?

    <p>Partitioning of the atrio-ventricular canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure grows to the right of the primary atrial septum?

    <p>Secondary atrial septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ostium secundum?

    <p>To allow passage of blood from the right to the left atrium after the ostium primum closes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the passage between the primary and secondary septa?

    <p>Foramen ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the spiral aortico-pulmonary septum?

    <p>To ensure blood from the right ventricle flows into the pulmonary trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the closure of the ostium primum?

    <p>Formation of the ostium secundum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure separates the atria and ventricles?

    <p>Atrio-ventricular canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a straight aortico-pulmonary septum?

    <p>Transposition of the great vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the blood flow in the fetal circulation?

    <p>The lungs receive little blood as they are not functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of atrial partitioning does the passage between the right and left atria form?

    <p>After the fusion of the interventricular septum with the endocardial cushions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the endocardial cushions in atrial partitioning?

    <p>To fuse with the interventricular septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the foramen ovale in fetal circulation?

    <p>To allow oxygenated blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the foramen ovale after birth?

    <p>It fuses with the secondary septum to form the fossa ovalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the septum in fetal heart development?

    <p>It ensures proper blood flow from the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the changes in blood circulation after birth?

    <p>The lungs receive more oxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Atrial Partitioning

    • The primary septum (septum primum) serves as a valve for the foramen ovale, preventing return of blood into the right atrium.
    • The secondary septum (septum secundum) grows to the right of the primary septum, pushing it against the secondary one, leading to physiological closure of the foramen ovale.
    • The primary and secondary septa fuse, and the foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis (anatomical closure).

    Development of the Heart before Birth

    • The primary atrial septum has formed, and development of the interventricular septum has begun.
    • The primary atrial septum fuses with the endocardial cushions, and a secondary foramen (ostium secundum) is formed.
    • The secondary atrial septum forms, and a passage (foramen ovale) between primary and secondary septa connects the right and left atria.

    Heart Development

    • The truncus arteriosus gets divided into ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk by a spiral aortico-pulmonary septum.
    • The spiral formation of the septum ensures that blood from the right ventricle flows into the pulmonary trunk and that the blood from the left ventricle flows into the ascending aorta.

    Fetal Blood Flow and Circulation Changes after Birth

    • Prior to birth, fetal circulation is designed for the in utero aqueous environment, where the placenta oxygenates fetal blood.
    • After birth, the lungs become functional, and there is a sudden blood pressure drop in the pulmonary circulation.
    • The primary atrial septum closes, and the foramen ovale is no longer needed, leading to anatomical closure.

    Embryonic Development of the Cardiovascular System

    • The cardiovascular system is the first functional system in the embryo, as it is necessary for the embryo's nutrition and growth.

    Formation of the Heart Tube

    • The heart tube forms from the lateral plate mesoderm, and its development is crucial for the formation of the cardiovascular system.

    Looping of the Heart Tube

    • The heart tube undergoes a process called looping, where it folds and forms a U-shaped structure.
    • The looping process is essential for the formation of the atria and ventricles.

    Defects in Aortic Arches Development

    • Defects in the development of the aortic arches can lead to defects in the great arteries of the body.

    Development of the Heart Chambers

    • The primitive atrium divides into the left and right atria.
    • The primitive ventricle divides into the left and right ventricles.
    • The truncus arteriosus divides into the outflow tracts of the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

    Partitioning of the Atrio-Ventricular Canal

    • The atrio-ventricular canal is divided into the left and right atrio-ventricular canals.
    • The atrio-ventricular canal is partitioned by the formation of the interventricular septum.

    Normal Heart Development

    • The partitioning of the atrium and ventricle is crucial for the formation of the four-chambered heart.
    • The formation of the interventricular septum is also essential for the separation of the left and right ventricles.

    Fetal Circulation

    • The fetal circulation is designed for the in utero aqueous environment, where the placenta oxygenates fetal blood.
    • The lungs receive little blood, as they are not functional yet.

    Closure of the Foramen Ovale

    • The foramen ovale is a passage that connects the right and left atria during fetal circulation.
    • The foramen ovale closes after birth, and the fossa ovalis is formed.

    Changes in Blood Circulation after Birth

    • After birth, the lungs become functional, and the blood circulation changes to accommodate this.
    • The changes in blood circulation are necessary for the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.

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    Related Documents

    Embryonic Development Of The Cardiovascular System Spring 2024 Ross University PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the development of the heart, focusing on the formation of the septum, including the primary and secondary septum, and their role in the foramen ovale.

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