Questions and Answers
What is the function of the primary septum in the foramen ovale?
Serves as a valve to prevent blood from returning to the right atrium
What happens to the blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation after birth?
It drops due to the expansion of the lungs with the first breaths
What is the relationship between the primary septum and the foramen ovale?
The primary septum serves as a valve for the foramen ovale
What happens to the ostium secundum after the formation of the secondary septum?
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What is the purpose of the secondary septum in the heart?
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What happens to the blood flow in the heart after the lungs expand with the first breaths?
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What is the result of the sudden expansion of the lungs after birth?
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What is the role of the primary septum in atrial partitioning?
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What is the purpose of ostium primum?
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What is the name of the passage that forms between the primary and secondary septa?
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What is the name of the septum that grows to the right of the primary septum?
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What is the purpose of the endocardial cushions?
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What is the function of the foramen ovale?
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What is the result of the fusion of the interventricular septum with the endocardial cushions?
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What replaces ostium primum when it closes?
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What is the purpose of the interventricular septum?
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During atrial septation, what happens to the primary septum?
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What is the consequence of a straight aortico-pulmonary septum?
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What is the function of the foramen ovale?
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What happens to the foramen ovale after birth?
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Why do the lungs receive little blood in the fetal circulation?
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What is the significance of the spiral aortico-pulmonary septum?
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What is the consequence of transposition of the great vessels?
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What is the purpose of the umbilical arteries in fetal circulation?
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What is the correct sequence of heart tube formation?
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Which of the following structures is divided into aorta and pulmonary trunk during heart development?
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What is the number of chambers in a mammalian heart?
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During atrio-ventricular canal partitioning, what is divided into left and right atria?
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What is the consequence of incorrect heart looping?
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Which of the following structures is divided into left and right ventricles during heart development?
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What is the result of the partitioning of the atrio-ventricular canal?
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What is the primary reason for the development of the cardiovascular system in the embryo?
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What is the term for the process of blood vessel development in the embryo?
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What is the location of the cardiogenic field in the embryo?
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What is the significance of the cardiac tube formation in the embryo?
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Which tissue gives rise to the cardiovascular system in the embryo?
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What is the role of the mesoderm in the development of the cardiovascular system?
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What is the term for the cells that give rise to the cardiovascular system in the embryo?
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During which stage of atrial partitioning does the ostium primum allow passage of blood from the right to the left atrium?
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What is the result of the fusion of the interventricular septum with the endocardial cushions?
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What structure grows to the right of the primary atrial septum?
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What is the purpose of the ostium secundum?
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What forms the passage between the primary and secondary septa?
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What is the purpose of the spiral aortico-pulmonary septum?
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What is the result of the closure of the ostium primum?
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What structure separates the atria and ventricles?
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What is the consequence of a straight aortico-pulmonary septum?
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What happens to the blood flow in the fetal circulation?
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During which stage of atrial partitioning does the passage between the right and left atria form?
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What is the role of the endocardial cushions in atrial partitioning?
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What is the purpose of the foramen ovale in fetal circulation?
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What happens to the foramen ovale after birth?
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What is the significance of the septum in fetal heart development?
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What is the result of the changes in blood circulation after birth?
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Study Notes
Atrial Partitioning
- The primary septum (septum primum) serves as a valve for the foramen ovale, preventing return of blood into the right atrium.
- The secondary septum (septum secundum) grows to the right of the primary septum, pushing it against the secondary one, leading to physiological closure of the foramen ovale.
- The primary and secondary septa fuse, and the foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis (anatomical closure).
Development of the Heart before Birth
- The primary atrial septum has formed, and development of the interventricular septum has begun.
- The primary atrial septum fuses with the endocardial cushions, and a secondary foramen (ostium secundum) is formed.
- The secondary atrial septum forms, and a passage (foramen ovale) between primary and secondary septa connects the right and left atria.
Heart Development
- The truncus arteriosus gets divided into ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk by a spiral aortico-pulmonary septum.
- The spiral formation of the septum ensures that blood from the right ventricle flows into the pulmonary trunk and that the blood from the left ventricle flows into the ascending aorta.
Fetal Blood Flow and Circulation Changes after Birth
- Prior to birth, fetal circulation is designed for the in utero aqueous environment, where the placenta oxygenates fetal blood.
- After birth, the lungs become functional, and there is a sudden blood pressure drop in the pulmonary circulation.
- The primary atrial septum closes, and the foramen ovale is no longer needed, leading to anatomical closure.
Embryonic Development of the Cardiovascular System
- The cardiovascular system is the first functional system in the embryo, as it is necessary for the embryo's nutrition and growth.
Formation of the Heart Tube
- The heart tube forms from the lateral plate mesoderm, and its development is crucial for the formation of the cardiovascular system.
Looping of the Heart Tube
- The heart tube undergoes a process called looping, where it folds and forms a U-shaped structure.
- The looping process is essential for the formation of the atria and ventricles.
Defects in Aortic Arches Development
- Defects in the development of the aortic arches can lead to defects in the great arteries of the body.
Development of the Heart Chambers
- The primitive atrium divides into the left and right atria.
- The primitive ventricle divides into the left and right ventricles.
- The truncus arteriosus divides into the outflow tracts of the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Partitioning of the Atrio-Ventricular Canal
- The atrio-ventricular canal is divided into the left and right atrio-ventricular canals.
- The atrio-ventricular canal is partitioned by the formation of the interventricular septum.
Normal Heart Development
- The partitioning of the atrium and ventricle is crucial for the formation of the four-chambered heart.
- The formation of the interventricular septum is also essential for the separation of the left and right ventricles.
Fetal Circulation
- The fetal circulation is designed for the in utero aqueous environment, where the placenta oxygenates fetal blood.
- The lungs receive little blood, as they are not functional yet.
Closure of the Foramen Ovale
- The foramen ovale is a passage that connects the right and left atria during fetal circulation.
- The foramen ovale closes after birth, and the fossa ovalis is formed.
Changes in Blood Circulation after Birth
- After birth, the lungs become functional, and the blood circulation changes to accommodate this.
- The changes in blood circulation are necessary for the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.
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Description
This quiz covers the development of the heart, focusing on the formation of the septum, including the primary and secondary septum, and their role in the foramen ovale.
