Health Technology Regulation and Assessment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Health Technology Regulation?

Assessing societal impact of medical technologies

Ensuring safety, quality, and efficacy standards for medical devices (correct)

Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of medical devices

Planning and procuring medical devices

Which function is responsible for evaluating the clinical effectiveness of medical technologies?

Health Technology Regulation

Health Technology Innovation

Health Technology Assessment (correct)

Health Technology Management

How do Health Technology Management and Health Technology Regulation complement each other?

HTM ensures regulatory compliance only in hospitals

Regulation handles adoption while HTM focuses on procurement

They are independent processes with no interconnection

Regulation ensures compliance with standards while HTM ensures proper use (correct)

What type of technologies do specialized regulatory processes typically address?

Complex medical technologies that need detailed oversight Signup and view all the answers

At what levels should Health Technology Assessment be applied to maximize public health impact?

At national, hospital, and regional levels Signup and view all the answers

What is parenteral injection primarily used for?

To bypass the digestive system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a rational for choosing parenteral administration?

The patient prefers oral medication Signup and view all the answers

What is not a dimension of innovation as described in the content?

Marketing Strategy of Innovation Signup and view all the answers

What role do WHO collaborating centres play?

Support WHO programs through specialized units Signup and view all the answers

Which benefit of big data in healthcare focuses on prevention and better-targeted health strategies?

Development of better-targeted health promotion strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which site is suitable for intradermal injection?

Dorsal surface of the upper arm Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of repeated injections at the same site?

Sterile abscess Signup and view all the answers

Who typically drives decision-making in health systems with hospital or regional autonomy?

Hospital administrators Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary application of artificial intelligence in healthcare?

Medical imaging Signup and view all the answers

What risk is associated with parenteral injections?

Infection risk Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of mobile health (mHealth)?

Hospital treatment plans Signup and view all the answers

What benefit do robotics provide in surgeries?

Simplifies surgeries with greater precision Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE regarding subcutaneous injections?

They can be administered into the abdominal region Signup and view all the answers

Which technology enhances the real-world environment by adding digital elements?

Augmented Reality (AR) Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of parenteral injection?

Risk of tissue necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of wearable devices in healthcare?

Continuous physiological data collection Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstance might parenteral administration be necessary?

When the patient is nauseous Signup and view all the answers

What challenge limits the widespread adoption of robotics in healthcare?

High investment and maintenance costs Signup and view all the answers

How does Virtual Reality (VR) contribute to healthcare?

Through immersive experience for treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of intramuscular injection compared to subcutaneous injections?

Faster absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of intravenous (IV) medication administration?

Requires trained personnel Signup and view all the answers

How does barcode technology improve patient safety in healthcare?

Improves workflow efficacy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an appropriate use for intramuscular injections?

For drugs that need prolonged absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the disadvantages of using barcode technology in healthcare?

High implementation cost Signup and view all the answers

What dressing is recommended for intravascular catheter uses?

Transparent semi-permeable dressing Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of improper intramuscular injection technique?

Risk of tissue damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a function of barcode technology in healthcare?

Chemical analysis of drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Decision Support Systems (DSS) in healthcare?

To assist healthcare professionals in decision-making Signup and view all the answers

Which method uses flow diagrams for decision-making in DSS?

Decision Trees Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is NOT associated with Decision Support Systems?

Completely automated Signup and view all the answers

How has the Internet impacted Decision Support Systems (DSS)?

It has improved real-time decision-making capabilities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as an advantage of clinical decision support systems?

Create new diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which Knowledge-Based Decision Support System (KKDS) is focused on medication interactions?

Drug-drug interaction system Signup and view all the answers

What type of decision support system focuses on clinical disease management?

Clinical disease management system Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of Decision Support Systems (DSS)?

They support evidence-based practice Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using dressing over wounds?

They promote granulation and oxygenation. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ventilation provides pressure during both inspiration and expiration?

CPAP Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with hypercapnia?

Increased energy levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Negative Pressure Ventilation (NNBV)?

It facilitates air entry using subatmospheric pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nursing intervention for monitoring respiratory status?

Evaluating alterations in respiratory rate and sounds. Signup and view all the answers

Which method of ventilation is suitable for patients struggling with adherence to CPAP?

BiPAP Signup and view all the answers

What is typically required to reinforce primary wound dressings?

Additional coverings Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT an advantage of non-invasive ventilation methods?

They guarantee patient comfort without any side effects. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Health Technology Regulation, Assessment, and Management

Interconnected functions for effective and safe medical device use
Health Technology Regulation ensures medical devices and drugs meet safety, quality, and efficacy standards, particularly for complex technologies.
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) evaluates clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and societal impact of medical technologies to guide healthcare decisions.
Health Technology Management (HTM) plans, procures, maintains, and ensures proper use of medical devices for operational efficiency and safety.
These functions are complementary: Regulation ensures compliance, HTA supports informed decisions, and HTM ensures optimal implementation.
Specialized regulatory processes (STD) are reserved for highly complex medical technologies.
Decision-making in health systems is largely driven by management, often at the hospital or regional level to align with administrative structures and needs.

Innovation Key Dimensions

Type: Refers to the new product, process, input, organizational structure, or social aspect.
Subjectivity: Identifies the intended recipient of the innovation; individual, group, organization, industry, or society.
Degree: Evaluates how new the innovation is in terms of market impact, technological advancement, organizational changes, or environmental adaptation.

Parenteral Injection

Administration of medications or substances directly into the body, bypassing the digestive system.
Used when oral or rectal administration is not feasible or for a rapid therapeutic effect.
Key points include bioavailability, sterility/safety.
Rationals for parenteral administrations: drugs that are not absorbed, decompose in the gastrointestinal tract, requiring prompt action, or when patients are unresponsive, or unable to ingest medication.

Disadvantages of Parenteral Ingestion

Infection risk
Toxic and allergic responses
Tissue injury, hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, sterile abscesses
Pain
Cost

Intradermal Injection

Medication injected into the dermis.
Slowest absorption rate among parenteral methods.
Used primarily for diagnostic purposes (e.g., tuberculin skin test, allergen/drug sensitivity test).
Also used for local anesthesia or BCG vaccination due to minimal absorption into the bloodstream.
Localized effects.
Disadvantages: Requires precision, difficult to administer correctly, and small volume capacity (0.1-0.2 mL).

Subcutaneous Injection

Injected into the fatty tissue beneath the skin.
Slower than intramuscular but faster than intradermal and oral routes.
Used for slower, sustained absorption, certain vaccines (e.g., insulin, heparin, epinephrine), and growth hormone.

Intramuscular Injection

Injected into a muscle
Faster absorption than subcutaneous
Can accommodate oil-based or depot formulations for prolonged effects.
Disadvantages: Pain or soreness at the injection site, risk of tissue damage or abscess formation.

Intravenous Injection

Injected directly into a vein.
Used for rapid delivery of drugs into the bloodstream.
Advantages: 100% bioavailability, suitable for large volumes, and allows precise control of drug levels in the body.
Disadvantages: Requires trained personnel, aseptic technique, risk of infection, phlebitis, or air embolism.

Barcode Technology

Machine-readable codes representing data using lines, spaces, or patterns.
Used in healthcare for efficiency, accuracy, and patient safety by converting information into a digital format.
Functions include patient identification, tracking and inventory management, error prevention, data collection and documentation, workflow improvement, and safety improvement.

Health Technology in Clinics and Applications

Decision Support Systems (DSS) are essential tools for healthcare professionals in complex scenarios.
DSS methodologies include decision trees, artificial neural networks, statistical methods, and rule-based methods.
DSS aids complex problem-solving, but does not replace human decision-makers.
Impact of the internet on DSS involves improvements in data access, reporting tools, and real-time decision-making capabilities.
Technological drivers, such as AI, software engineering, and telecommunications, continuously enhance DSS development.

Knowledge-Based Decision Support Systems (KKDS)

Various types of KKDS in healthcare and nursing management; Clinical disease warning system, clinical disease management system, diagnostic for cause KKDS, Drug-drug interaction system, emergency focus KKDS, Medical error prevention system, nurse assistant system, pharmacy support system, and prescription writing support system.

Telemedicine and Tele-Nursing

Use of ICT to deliver remote healthcare services.
Specialized fields include telepathology, teledermatology, and teleradiology.
Types: Synchronous (real-time) and Asynchronous (record and transmit).
Benefits include reduction in unnecessary hospitalizations, lower medical costs, improved access to care, and chronic disease management.

Tele-Nursing Applications

Tele-nursing plays a crucial role in various aspects of healthcare delivery and management.
Focus areas include High-Risk Group Consultations and Chronic Disease Management.

Nursing Care Technologies for Wound Care

Alginate dressings: Absorb exudates, provide pain relief, hemostatic effects, suitable for heavily exuding wounds.
Polyurethane transparency films: Transparent, semi-permeable, allows gas exchange, useful for observation, and secondary dressings.
Hydrogel dressings: Hydrophilic polymers, moist environment, ideal for dry or necrotic wounds.
Hydrocolloid dressings: Pain reduction, promote epithelialization (skin cell growth), and collagen production, direct adhesion to wounds, and high absorbency.

Respiratory System

Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV): Uses subatmospheric pressure around the thorax and abdomen.
Positive Pressure Ventilation (Types): Pressure-targeted and Volume-targeted.
Devices: CPAP (constant pressure) and BiPAP (alternating pressure).

Digital Chest Drainage System

Comprehensive monitoring of thoracic patients, offering advanced functionality to measure and manage air, and fluid leakage.

Tracheostomy Care Overlay System (TOS)

System integrates real-time monitoring, error detection, and feedback mechanisms for tracheostomy care.
Improves communication, supporting clinical practice adherence and ensuring appropriate care.

Tracheal Alarms

High-Pressure Alarm: Triggered by airway resistance increase (e.g., obstruction).
Low-Pressure Alarm: Indicates a leak or disconnection in the ventilation system.
Displacement Alarm: Alerts to tube displacement from the trachea.
Obstruction Alarm: Warns of airway blockages.
Benefits include early detection and improved patient safety through continuous monitoring.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of Health Technology Regulation and Assessment. This quiz covers topics such as the evaluation of clinical effectiveness, the role of WHO, parenteral injection applications, and the impact of big data in healthcare. Dive deep into the regulations and management processes that shape our health technologies.