Final test Fundamentals

Questions and Answers

What is the benefit of taking folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy?

Improved maternal age

Reduced risk for spina bifida (correct)

Reduced risk for chromosomal defects

Increased risk for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

What is a potential risk factor for chromosomal defects such as Down syndrome?

Advanced paternal age

Implicit cultural bias

Advanced maternal age (correct)

Folic acid deficiency

What is a potential consequence of unresolved oral stage of development according to Freud's psychosexual stages?

Increased risk for spina bifida

Overeating, smoking, and drinking alcohol (correct)

Improved communication skills

Hyperactive behavior and inattentiveness

What is a characteristic of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?

Hyperactive behavior, inattentiveness, and memory difficulties Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge is obtained from an individual who is part of the culture?

Emic knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What can be a result of implicit cultural bias in health care?

Inadequate care and potential client injury Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the nurse to make eye contact with the client when using a medical interpreter?

To promote communication with the client Signup and view all the answers

What information is included in the kinship and social factors element of the sunrise enabler cultural data collection tool?

Marital status Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of integrative health?

To combine conventional medicine with complementary therapies to promote health Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of massage therapy in older adult clients?

Blood clots Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle of homeopathy?

A substance that can cause a disease can cure the disease Signup and view all the answers

Why should the nurse shake the MDI (metered dose inhaler) briskly for 2 to 5 seconds?

To aerosolize the medication particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action the nurse should take when repositioning a client in bed?

Raise the height of the client's bed Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of return demonstration in client education?

To have the client return the demonstration to evaluate their understanding Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse expect in a client with increased peripheral vascular resistance?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Why should the nurse increase the client's fluid intake in dehydration and hypotension?

To increase circulatory blood volume and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What can bearing down and straining during a bowel movement cause?

Bradycardia and hypotension Signup and view all the answers

Which part of Medicare covers outpatient services?

Part B Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of MDS forms in a long-term care setting?

To assess cognitive and physical status Signup and view all the answers

What does secondary prevention focus on?

Early detection of diseases Signup and view all the answers

What role does the FDA play concerning medications?

To enforce medication laws and ensure testing Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse reaction of diphenhydramine that requires client management?

Dry mouth Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do to promote comfort ?

Present information and answer questions honestly Signup and view all the answers

Which action is appropriate for postmortem care?

Documenting belongings and washing the body Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of an interprofessional team in healthcare?

Efficiency in client-care services Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do to verify a prescription is written correctly?

Read back the prescription to the provider Signup and view all the answers

In the I-SBAR-R communication tool, what does the background component include?

Pertinent background information related to the illness or injury Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of lateral violence in the nursing profession?

A nurse rolling their eyes at another nurse after providing report Signup and view all the answers

Informatics is defined as?

The use of information and technology to communicate ,manage knowledge,mitigate errors support decision making Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action a nurse should take in the nursing process?

Determine the client's needs Signup and view all the answers

What type of report must be completed after an unexpected event like a fall?

Incident report Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse inspect before using a sterile package?

The package for damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of applying a protective barrier cream for clients with urinary incontinence?

To reduce the risk of irritation and breakdown Signup and view all the answers

In the management of pleural effusion, what does dullness percussed over the lung fields indicate?

Presence of fluid in the lung area Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do when administering pain medication to a client?

Administer the lowest dose first and wait for effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial first action for a nurse in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit?

Check the client's airway and provide supplemental oxygen if needed Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a stage 1 pressure injury?

Intact skin with localized erythema Signup and view all the answers

How should a nurse position a client to prevent an air embolism?

On the left side with the head down Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a neobladder?

An internal reservoir that connects to the urethra Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse do before administering an IV infusion of dextrose 10%?

Infuse it slowly and monitor for hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of an interprofessional team in healthcare?

Efficiency in client-care services and improved quality and safety care Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of informatics in healthcare?

The use of information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate errors, and support decision making Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reviewing the policies and procedures manual before performing a skill?

To promote safety and best practice guidelines Signup and view all the answers

What is a physiological change that occurs during non-rapid eye movement sleep?

Body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure decrease Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the nurse to respect the client's autonomy?

To promote a caring relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of polysomnography?

To diagnose sleep disorders during sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nurse in Postmortem care

To promote respect for the client Signup and view all the answers

What is an isotonic solution administered to clients who have hypernatremia?

Dextrose 5% in water Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a colonoscopy?

To screen clients for colon or rectal cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an etic knowledge about a culture?

A outsider observing cultural practices Signup and view all the answers

What is a nonverbal manifestation of acute pain?

hypertension, Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Diaphoresis, dilated pupils, grimacing and guarding Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a potential consequence of unresolved oral stage of development according to Freud's psychosexual stages?

Excessive talking Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of limit calcium intake to 600 mg per dose day?

To promote absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of warming the enema solution to room temperature?

To promote comfort for the client Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of changing the client’s IV tubing every 96 hours?

To decrease the risk of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate action for a nurse to take when using a medical interpreter?

Speak slowly and clearly, maintaining eye contact with the client Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential side effect of massage therapy in older adult clients?

Nerve injury Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a safe ergonomic practice for nurses?

Lifting heavy objects with a straight back and bent knees Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of return demonstration in client education?

To ensure the client can accurately perform a skill or procedure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an active teaching method based on the cognitive domain of learning?

Teach-back, where the nurse asks the client to explain what they've learned Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended action for promoting comfort when administering otic medications?

Shaking the bottle vigorously before administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the nurse's primary concern when a client has hypoglycemia?

Risk of developing hypotension Signup and view all the answers

Which route of medication administration offers the fastest absorption rate according to evidence-based practice?

Intravenous Signup and view all the answers

Why is a client who lives in a crowded apartment building at risk?

Acquiring and spreading infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of facing the client and making eye contact?

To promote communication with the client Signup and view all the answers

Why should nurses conduct a self-evaluation regarding self-bias?

To understand their own cultural views, assumptions, and values Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of informatics in healthcare?

The use of information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate errors, and support decision making Signup and view all the answers

Which fruit is considered the best food source for potassium intake?

Banana Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective teaching method to assess a client's understanding of the information provided?

Teach-back Signup and view all the answers

What common risk is associated with massage therapy in older adult clients?

Bone fractures Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse do first when lifting a heavy object?

Stand close to the object being moved Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a blood pressure of 160/88 mm Hg?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What method helps in reinforcing motor skills in client education?

Return demonstration Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of bearing down and straining during a bowel movement?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What does Part D of Medicare primarily cover?

Prescription medications Signup and view all the answers

What is one responsibility of a registered nurse in relation to MDS forms?

Completing the forms for facility compliance Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do to help manage dry mouth caused by diphenhydramine?

Rinse mouth regularly Signup and view all the answers

Who can authorize organ donation at the end of life?

The client's surrogate if the client cannot decide Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological changes are observed during non-rapid eye movement sleep?

Decreased body temperature and respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended practice for applying a protective barrier cream for skin care related to urinary incontinence?

Apply to clean, dry skin to reduce risk of irritation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the purpose of a neobladder?

It connects to the urethra to facilitate voiding. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct temperature a nurse should warm the enema solution to before administration?

Room temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the nurse to check the client's airway first in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit?

To prevent hypoxia due to anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

How does a nurse best promote calcium absorption for a client at risk of osteoporosis?

Limit calcium intake to 600 mg per dose daily Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is a nurse likely to monitor for in a postoperative client who smokes tobacco?

Higher susceptibility to blood clots and pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical component for assessing cranial nerve I function?

Have the client identify specific smells Signup and view all the answers

When a client has pleural effusion, what does dullness percussed over the lung fields indicate?

Fluid accumulating in the lung area Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pregnancy and Development

Folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy significantly lower the spina bifida risk.
Advanced maternal age correlates with an elevated risk of chromosomal defects like Down syndrome.
Freud’s theory suggests unresolved oral development can lead to behaviors such as overeating and smoking.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) can result in hyperactivity, attentional issues, memory challenges, and learning disabilities.

Cultural Competence

Emic knowledge refers to cultural insights from insiders, while etic knowledge comes from external observers.
Implicit cultural bias among healthcare providers may hinder effective treatment and contribute to health disparities.
Self-evaluation by healthcare professionals is crucial for recognizing personal biases and understanding cultural perspectives.
High-density living conditions increase an individual's risk of infectious diseases.

Communication in Healthcare

Effective nurse-client communication requires direct eye contact and attentiveness.
When using interpreters, maintaining eye contact with the client enhances communication effectiveness.
Marital status and kinship data are vital for assessing social support in nursing care.

Interprofessional Collaboration

Interprofessional teamwork enhances client care efficiency and quality.
Verification of prescriptions through read-backs is essential to minimize medication errors.
I-SBAR-R tool ensures structured communication and reduces errors during handoffs.
Horizontal violence includes incivility among nursing peers, affecting teamwork.

Evidence-Based Practice

Clinical practice guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for healthcare management.

Health Informatics

Information management technologies aid in adherence to clinical guidelines in nursing.
Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) facilitates quick data transfer between clients and providers.
Nursing informatics encompasses using technology to enhance communication and decision-making.

Patient-Centered Care

Being present emotionally and physically enhances nurse-client relationships.
Assessing client needs is the foundational step in the nursing process to develop effective advocacy plans.
Advocacy involves representing clients' best interests regarding their healthcare and rights.

Quality Improvement

Incident reports are mandatory for unusual events like falls or medication errors to prevent future occurrences.

Safety Protocols

Environmental safety checks in patient rooms are critical to prevent self-harm.
The acute illness stage of an infection shows clear symptoms such as fever and cough.
Pattern recognition by cell surface receptors initiates the inflammatory response to harmful stimuli.

Infection Control

Inspection of sterile packages is necessary to ensure they are free of contamination before use.

Complementary and Integrative Health

Holistic nursing considers all factors impacting health, including stress and lifestyle.
Integrative health mixes alternative therapies with conventional medicine (e.g., massage with medications).
Chiropractic care involves spinal manipulation to treat musculoskeletal conditions.
Potential adverse effects of massage therapy may include complications in older adults.

Nutrition and Medications

Foods rich in vitamin C, like orange juice, enhance iron absorption.
Intravenous medications offer the fastest absorption rates entering the circulatory system directly.
Proper preparation and administration techniques are crucial for medications like otic solutions and metered-dose inhalers.

Client Mobility

Proper lifting techniques reduce injury risk; maintaining proximity to the object is key.
Providing rest breaks is essential for ergonomic safety in nursing practices.
Ergonomic principles suggest adjusting the height of the client’s bed first when repositioning.

Client Education Strategies

Teaching methods like return demonstrations and teach-backs verify client understanding.
Use of accessible materials for clients with visual impairments enhances learning experiences.

Vital Signs Monitoring

Recognize that systolic pressure over 160 mm Hg indicates hypertension related to vascular resistance.
Monitoring for hypotension is vital in clients with hypoglycemia.
Accurate heart rates can be determined by auscultating the apical pulse over one full minute.

Nursing Foundations and Ethics

The nursing code of ethics emphasizes client confidentiality, rights protection, and accountability.
Health literacy is demonstrated when clients understand their health management responsibilities.

Healthcare Delivery Systems

Medicare covers inpatient care (Part A), outpatient services (Part B), and prescription drugs (Part D).
Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments are completed by RNs in long-term care facilities for compliance.

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Secondary prevention entails early disease detection through screenings, exemplified by mammograms.

Health Policy and Regulatory Framework

Familiarity with institutional policies aids in safe nursing practices.
State nursing boards govern the adherence of nursing programs to regulatory standards.
The FDA enforces medication laws, ensuring the safety of all drug-related products.

Comfort and Sleep Management

Sleep plays a critical role in memory consolidation and physiological stability.
Obstructive sleep apnea can stem from enlarged tonsils impairing airflow.
Dry mouth and other side effects from diphenhydramine require ongoing oral hygiene for comfort.

End-of-Life Care Approaches

Operational protocols exist for managing dyspnea and facilitating organ donation requests.
Respectful postmortem care includes both documentation and physical care of the body.

Elimination and Gastrointestinal Health

Protective measures for urinary incontinence involve skin barriers to prevent irritation.
Neobladders serve as internal reservoirs for urine management.

Fluid and Electrolyte Management

Restricting calcium intake is necessary for osteoporosis prevention.
Monitoring for hyperglycemia is crucial when administering dextrose via IV infusion.

Gas Exchange and Respiratory Health

Auscultation can reveal murmurs indicating ventricular issues, while dullness may indicate fluid accumulation in pleural effusion.
Breathing exercises after certain lung conditions are vital for preventing complications.

Pain Management in Clinical Care

Recognizing the signs of acute pain assists in timely intervention strategies.
Nurses should initiate medication regimens conservatively, assessing effectiveness before further doses.

Surgical and Postoperative Care Guidelines

Ensuring informed consent entails confirming client competency and understanding.
Postoperative clients require close monitoring due to increased risks associated with anesthesia effects.

Tissue Integrity and Pressure Injury Prevention

Stage 1 pressure injuries present with intact skin but display noticeable localized redness.

Sensory Perception Assessment

Assessing the olfactory nerve involves testing the client's ability to identify distinct smells using each nostril separately.

Pregnancy and Development

Folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy significantly lower the spina bifida risk.
Advanced maternal age correlates with an elevated risk of chromosomal defects like Down syndrome.
Freud’s theory suggests unresolved oral development can lead to behaviors such as overeating and smoking.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) can result in hyperactivity, attentional issues, memory challenges, and learning disabilities.

Cultural Competence

Emic knowledge refers to cultural insights from insiders, while etic knowledge comes from external observers.
Implicit cultural bias among healthcare providers may hinder effective treatment and contribute to health disparities.
Self-evaluation by healthcare professionals is crucial for recognizing personal biases and understanding cultural perspectives.
High-density living conditions increase an individual's risk of infectious diseases.

Communication in Healthcare

Effective nurse-client communication requires direct eye contact and attentiveness.
When using interpreters, maintaining eye contact with the client enhances communication effectiveness.
Marital status and kinship data are vital for assessing social support in nursing care.

Interprofessional Collaboration

Interprofessional teamwork enhances client care efficiency and quality.
Verification of prescriptions through read-backs is essential to minimize medication errors.
I-SBAR-R tool ensures structured communication and reduces errors during handoffs.
Horizontal violence includes incivility among nursing peers, affecting teamwork.

Evidence-Based Practice

Clinical practice guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for healthcare management.

Health Informatics

Information management technologies aid in adherence to clinical guidelines in nursing.
Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) facilitates quick data transfer between clients and providers.
Nursing informatics encompasses using technology to enhance communication and decision-making.

Patient-Centered Care

Being present emotionally and physically enhances nurse-client relationships.
Assessing client needs is the foundational step in the nursing process to develop effective advocacy plans.
Advocacy involves representing clients' best interests regarding their healthcare and rights.

Quality Improvement

Incident reports are mandatory for unusual events like falls or medication errors to prevent future occurrences.

Safety Protocols

Environmental safety checks in patient rooms are critical to prevent self-harm.
The acute illness stage of an infection shows clear symptoms such as fever and cough.
Pattern recognition by cell surface receptors initiates the inflammatory response to harmful stimuli.

Infection Control

Inspection of sterile packages is necessary to ensure they are free of contamination before use.

Complementary and Integrative Health

Holistic nursing considers all factors impacting health, including stress and lifestyle.
Integrative health mixes alternative therapies with conventional medicine (e.g., massage with medications).
Chiropractic care involves spinal manipulation to treat musculoskeletal conditions.
Potential adverse effects of massage therapy may include complications in older adults.

Nutrition and Medications

Foods rich in vitamin C, like orange juice, enhance iron absorption.
Intravenous medications offer the fastest absorption rates entering the circulatory system directly.
Proper preparation and administration techniques are crucial for medications like otic solutions and metered-dose inhalers.

Client Mobility

Proper lifting techniques reduce injury risk; maintaining proximity to the object is key.
Providing rest breaks is essential for ergonomic safety in nursing practices.
Ergonomic principles suggest adjusting the height of the client’s bed first when repositioning.

Client Education Strategies

Teaching methods like return demonstrations and teach-backs verify client understanding.
Use of accessible materials for clients with visual impairments enhances learning experiences.

Vital Signs Monitoring

Recognize that systolic pressure over 160 mm Hg indicates hypertension related to vascular resistance.
Monitoring for hypotension is vital in clients with hypoglycemia.
Accurate heart rates can be determined by auscultating the apical pulse over one full minute.

Nursing Foundations and Ethics

The nursing code of ethics emphasizes client confidentiality, rights protection, and accountability.
Health literacy is demonstrated when clients understand their health management responsibilities.

Healthcare Delivery Systems

Medicare covers inpatient care (Part A), outpatient services (Part B), and prescription drugs (Part D).
Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments are completed by RNs in long-term care facilities for compliance.

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Secondary prevention entails early disease detection through screenings, exemplified by mammograms.

Health Policy and Regulatory Framework

Familiarity with institutional policies aids in safe nursing practices.
State nursing boards govern the adherence of nursing programs to regulatory standards.
The FDA enforces medication laws, ensuring the safety of all drug-related products.

Comfort and Sleep Management

Sleep plays a critical role in memory consolidation and physiological stability.
Obstructive sleep apnea can stem from enlarged tonsils impairing airflow.
Dry mouth and other side effects from diphenhydramine require ongoing oral hygiene for comfort.

End-of-Life Care Approaches

Operational protocols exist for managing dyspnea and facilitating organ donation requests.
Respectful postmortem care includes both documentation and physical care of the body.

Elimination and Gastrointestinal Health

Protective measures for urinary incontinence involve skin barriers to prevent irritation.
Neobladders serve as internal reservoirs for urine management.

Fluid and Electrolyte Management

Restricting calcium intake is necessary for osteoporosis prevention.
Monitoring for hyperglycemia is crucial when administering dextrose via IV infusion.

Gas Exchange and Respiratory Health

Auscultation can reveal murmurs indicating ventricular issues, while dullness may indicate fluid accumulation in pleural effusion.
Breathing exercises after certain lung conditions are vital for preventing complications.

Pain Management in Clinical Care

Recognizing the signs of acute pain assists in timely intervention strategies.
Nurses should initiate medication regimens conservatively, assessing effectiveness before further doses.

Surgical and Postoperative Care Guidelines

Ensuring informed consent entails confirming client competency and understanding.
Postoperative clients require close monitoring due to increased risks associated with anesthesia effects.

Tissue Integrity and Pressure Injury Prevention

Stage 1 pressure injuries present with intact skin but display noticeable localized redness.

Sensory Perception Assessment

Assessing the olfactory nerve involves testing the client's ability to identify distinct smells using each nostril separately.

Pregnancy and Development

Folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy significantly lower the spina bifida risk.
Advanced maternal age correlates with an elevated risk of chromosomal defects like Down syndrome.
Freud’s theory suggests unresolved oral development can lead to behaviors such as overeating and smoking.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) can result in hyperactivity, attentional issues, memory challenges, and learning disabilities.

Cultural Competence

Emic knowledge refers to cultural insights from insiders, while etic knowledge comes from external observers.
Implicit cultural bias among healthcare providers may hinder effective treatment and contribute to health disparities.
Self-evaluation by healthcare professionals is crucial for recognizing personal biases and understanding cultural perspectives.
High-density living conditions increase an individual's risk of infectious diseases.

Communication in Healthcare

Effective nurse-client communication requires direct eye contact and attentiveness.
When using interpreters, maintaining eye contact with the client enhances communication effectiveness.
Marital status and kinship data are vital for assessing social support in nursing care.

Interprofessional Collaboration

Interprofessional teamwork enhances client care efficiency and quality.
Verification of prescriptions through read-backs is essential to minimize medication errors.
I-SBAR-R tool ensures structured communication and reduces errors during handoffs.
Horizontal violence includes incivility among nursing peers, affecting teamwork.

Evidence-Based Practice

Clinical practice guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for healthcare management.

Health Informatics

Information management technologies aid in adherence to clinical guidelines in nursing.
Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) facilitates quick data transfer between clients and providers.
Nursing informatics encompasses using technology to enhance communication and decision-making.

Patient-Centered Care

Being present emotionally and physically enhances nurse-client relationships.
Assessing client needs is the foundational step in the nursing process to develop effective advocacy plans.
Advocacy involves representing clients' best interests regarding their healthcare and rights.

Quality Improvement

Incident reports are mandatory for unusual events like falls or medication errors to prevent future occurrences.

Safety Protocols

Environmental safety checks in patient rooms are critical to prevent self-harm.
The acute illness stage of an infection shows clear symptoms such as fever and cough.
Pattern recognition by cell surface receptors initiates the inflammatory response to harmful stimuli.

Infection Control

Inspection of sterile packages is necessary to ensure they are free of contamination before use.

Complementary and Integrative Health

Holistic nursing considers all factors impacting health, including stress and lifestyle.
Integrative health mixes alternative therapies with conventional medicine (e.g., massage with medications).
Chiropractic care involves spinal manipulation to treat musculoskeletal conditions.
Potential adverse effects of massage therapy may include complications in older adults.

Nutrition and Medications

Foods rich in vitamin C, like orange juice, enhance iron absorption.
Intravenous medications offer the fastest absorption rates entering the circulatory system directly.
Proper preparation and administration techniques are crucial for medications like otic solutions and metered-dose inhalers.

Client Mobility

Proper lifting techniques reduce injury risk; maintaining proximity to the object is key.
Providing rest breaks is essential for ergonomic safety in nursing practices.
Ergonomic principles suggest adjusting the height of the client’s bed first when repositioning.

Client Education Strategies

Teaching methods like return demonstrations and teach-backs verify client understanding.
Use of accessible materials for clients with visual impairments enhances learning experiences.

Vital Signs Monitoring

Recognize that systolic pressure over 160 mm Hg indicates hypertension related to vascular resistance.
Monitoring for hypotension is vital in clients with hypoglycemia.
Accurate heart rates can be determined by auscultating the apical pulse over one full minute.

Nursing Foundations and Ethics

The nursing code of ethics emphasizes client confidentiality, rights protection, and accountability.
Health literacy is demonstrated when clients understand their health management responsibilities.

Healthcare Delivery Systems

Medicare covers inpatient care (Part A), outpatient services (Part B), and prescription drugs (Part D).
Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments are completed by RNs in long-term care facilities for compliance.

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Secondary prevention entails early disease detection through screenings, exemplified by mammograms.

Health Policy and Regulatory Framework

Familiarity with institutional policies aids in safe nursing practices.
State nursing boards govern the adherence of nursing programs to regulatory standards.
The FDA enforces medication laws, ensuring the safety of all drug-related products.

Comfort and Sleep Management

Sleep plays a critical role in memory consolidation and physiological stability.
Obstructive sleep apnea can stem from enlarged tonsils impairing airflow.
Dry mouth and other side effects from diphenhydramine require ongoing oral hygiene for comfort.

End-of-Life Care Approaches

Operational protocols exist for managing dyspnea and facilitating organ donation requests.
Respectful postmortem care includes both documentation and physical care of the body.

Elimination and Gastrointestinal Health

Protective measures for urinary incontinence involve skin barriers to prevent irritation.
Neobladders serve as internal reservoirs for urine management.

Fluid and Electrolyte Management

Restricting calcium intake is necessary for osteoporosis prevention.
Monitoring for hyperglycemia is crucial when administering dextrose via IV infusion.

Gas Exchange and Respiratory Health

Auscultation can reveal murmurs indicating ventricular issues, while dullness may indicate fluid accumulation in pleural effusion.
Breathing exercises after certain lung conditions are vital for preventing complications.

Pain Management in Clinical Care

Recognizing the signs of acute pain assists in timely intervention strategies.
Nurses should initiate medication regimens conservatively, assessing effectiveness before further doses.

Surgical and Postoperative Care Guidelines

Ensuring informed consent entails confirming client competency and understanding.
Postoperative clients require close monitoring due to increased risks associated with anesthesia effects.

Tissue Integrity and Pressure Injury Prevention

Stage 1 pressure injuries present with intact skin but display noticeable localized redness.

Sensory Perception Assessment

Assessing the olfactory nerve involves testing the client's ability to identify distinct smells using each nostril separately.

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Description

This quiz covers various health risks and developmental disorders, including the importance of folic acid supplements during pregnancy, chromosomal defects, Freud's psychosexual stages, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.