Health Promotion and Healthcare Models

Health Promotion Movement

• The health promotion movement was born due to social inequalities in global health.
• It seeks strategies such as citizen participation to improve health.

Health Systems

• National health systems have greater equity and cost control.
• The free market model does not have universality as a basic principle.
• The Spanish health system has health services under the responsibility of autonomous communities.

Health Care

• Specialized health care is not only offered in hospitals.
• The moderator ticket is not completely free and helps avoid over saturation.
• The health system in France corresponds to the Bismarck model.

Demography and Health

• In a population classified as progressive, where the average age is above 50 years, the senile dependency rate is high.
• The health system in the United States has great advances in research and technology but has frequent accessibility problems.

Health and Disease

• Gas gangrene is a disease that causes tissue necrosis due to the growth of clostridium perfringens and the action of its necrotic toxin.
• The most serious burn infections are those produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, due to its great resistance to antibiotics.
• Shingles is a disease that results from the reactivation of the chickenpox virus.

Infectious Diseases

• Osteomyelitis can have an endogenous origin through the blood or surgical origin.
• Molluscum contagiosum is a disease caused by a virus.
• Inactivated virus vaccines use viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or chemical products.
• HIV can be transmitted by fomites, parental channels, and by respiratory route.
• Cholera is a disease acquired by ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water.

Vaccines

• Vaccines are antigenic preparations that are administered to man and animals to provoke the production of antibodies that serve to prevent infectious diseases.
• Immunoglobulins are sera that contain antibodies against infectious agents.

Skin Diseases

• Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that affects the nails.
• Pityriasis versicolor is a mycosis that produces hypo or hyperpigmentation.

Systemic Diseases

• Systemic diseases are those that affect multiple organs or tissues.
• Rheumatic fever is a disease that can appear as a sequel to pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Bacterial Diseases

• Anthrax is a skin disease whose causal agent (Bacillus antracis) penetrates through wounds on the skin, from sick animals.
• Botulinum toxin can be classified within the group of neurotoxins.

Immunity

• Innate or nonspecific immunity is the one possessed at birth.
• Specific immunity occurs after exposure to an infectious agent, that is specific and measured by antibodies or lymphoid cells.

Gas Gangrene and Tissue Necrosis

• Gas gangrene is a disease caused by the growth of Clostridium perfringens and the action of its necrotic toxin, leading to tissue necrosis.

Burn Infections

• The most serious burn infections are those produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are highly resistant to antibiotics.

Shingles

• Shingles is a disease caused by the reactivation of the chickenpox virus.

Ringworm

• Ringworm is a disease caused by dermatophytic fungi.

Fever

• Fever can appear as a complication of gonorrhea, or as a sequel to pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Osteomyelitis

• Osteomyelitis is a disease that can have an endogenous origin through the blood, or a surgical origin.

Molluscum Contagiosum

• Molluscum contagiosum is a disease caused by a virus.

Inactivated Virus Vaccines

• Inactivated virus vaccines use viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or chemical products.

Infectious Diseases

• Infectious diseases are not always contagious, but some can be.

Measles

• The measles virus can produce both cerebral manifestations and skin rashes.

Gastroenteric Diseases

• The pathogenic mechanisms of gastroenteric diseases can be enterotoxigenic.

Escherichia Coli

• Escherichia coli has both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains.

HIV Transmission

• Apart from sexual transmission, HIV can be transmitted through parental channels, and by fomites.

Cholera

• Cholera is a disease acquired through the ingestion of contaminated water or food containing the causal agent.

Cholera Toxin

• Cholera toxin can be classified as an enterotoxin.

Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis

• Nonbacterial gastroenteritis is caused by viruses and presents mild gastrointestinal symptoms.

Transmission of Diseases

• Hepatitis A is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.

Scald Skin Syndrome

• The symptoms of scald skin syndrome are due to the action of an exfoliative toxin produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Typhoid Fever

• Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella typhi and transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.

Microorganisms

• Clostridium tetani causes different types of diseases depending on the route of transmission.

Gonorrhea

• Gonorrhea is a disease that is transmitted through sexual contact.

Infectious Diseases

• Gonorrhea can cause septic arthritis.

Viral Diseases

• AIDS is a viral disease that causes a persistent infection.

Vaccines

• Vaccines are antigenic preparations that are administered to humans and animals to provoke the production of antibodies that serve to prevent infectious diseases.

Systemic Diseases

• Systemic diseases are those that affect multiple organs or tissues.

Onychomycosis

• Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that affects the nails.

Rheumatic Fever

• Rheumatic fever can appear as a sequel to pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Syphilis

• Primary syphilis is manifested by lesions (chancres) on the genital organs.

Legionellosis

• Legionellosis is a disease caused by Legionella pneumophila and is not contagious directly from person to person.

Tuberculosis

• Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is an intracellular pathogen.

Vibrio Cholerae

• Vibrio cholerae is acquired through the ingestion of contaminated water or food containing the causal agent.

Health Regulations

• In the Spanish health system, health services remain under the responsibility of the autonomous communities.

Pityriasis Versicolor

• Pityriasis versicolor is a mycosis that produces hypo or hyperpigmentation.

Onychomycosis

• Onychomycosis is produced by dermatophyte fungi.

Anthrax

• Anthrax is a skin disease whose causal agent (Bacillus antracis) penetrates through wounds in the skin, from sick animals.

Immunoserum

• Immunoserum is a serum that contains antibodies against infectious agents.

Innate Immunity

• Innate immunity is the immunity possessed at birth.

Botulinum Toxin

• Botulinum toxin can be classified as a neurotoxin.

Inactivated Virus Vaccines

• Inactivated virus vaccines use viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or chemical products.

Dermatophytic Fungi

• Dermatophytic fungi that cause skin mycoses are keratinophiles.

Rheumatic Fever

• Rheumatic fever is a disease that can appear as a sequel to pharyngitis caused by streptococcus pyogenes.

Syphilis

• Primary syphilis is manifested by lesions (chancres) on the genital organs.

Legionellosis

• Legionellosis is a disease caused by Legionella pneumophila and is not contagious directly from person to person.

Tuberculosis

• Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is an intracellular pathogen.

Vibrio Cholerae

• Vibrio cholerae is acquired through ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water.

Spanish Health Regulations

• Retirees contribute 0% to the payment of medication.

Health Care Models

• In the Spanish health system, health services remain under the responsibility of the autonomous communities.
• To achieve maximum operability and effectiveness of health services, the basic health care areas will be divided into health areas.

Pityriasis Versicolor

• Pityriasis versicolor is a mycosis that produces hypo or hyperpigmentation.

Syphilis (again)

• Primary syphilis is manifested by lesions (chancres) on the genital organs.

Onychomycosis

• Onychomycosis is produced by dermatophyte fungi and/or yeast such as Candida.

Anthrax

• Anthrax is a skin disease whose causal agent (Bacillus antracis) penetrates through wounds on the skin, from sick animals.

Shingles

• Shingles is a disease that results from chickenpox virus reactivation.

Immunosera

• Immunosera are sera that contain antibodies against infectious agents.

Innate Immunity

• Innate or nonspecific immunity is the one possessed at birth.

Botulinum Toxin

• Botulinum toxin can be classified within the group of neurotoxins.

Inactivated Virus Vaccines

• Inactivated virus vaccines use viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or chemicals.

Dermatophytic Fungi

• Dermatophytic fungi that cause skin mycoses are keratinophiles.