Health Promotion and Protection Strategies

Alcohol Consumption and Health Risks

• Per capita consumption of alcohol is 17 liters, with male drinkers consuming 19 liters and female drinkers consuming 10.9 liters.
• Moderation is defined as no more than two drinks a day for men and no more than one drink a day for women.
• Heavy drinking is defined as consuming more than two drinks per day for women, and binge drinking is drinking five or more drinks on a single occasion for men or four or more drinks for women.

Short and Long Term Effects of Alcohol

• Short-term risks include risky sexual behavior, violence, and unintentional injuries, usually due to binge drinking or excessive drinking.
• Long-term risks include neurologic conditions, cardiovascular problems, and psychiatric problems.

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

• Five priority action areas to support the three strategies:
  • Build Healthy Public Policy
  • Create Supportive Environments
  • Develop Personal Skills
  • Reorient Health Services
  • Health Promotion, Risk Reduction, and Capacity-Building Strategies

Health Promotion and Risk Reduction

• Health promotion refers to health education and related organizational, economic, and environmental supports for behavioral individuals, groups, or communities conducive to health.
• Health protection refers to behaviors that prevent disease, detect disease in early stages, or maximize health within the constraints of disease.
• Risk reduction is a proactive process in which individuals participate in behaviors that enable them to react to actual or potential threats to their health.

Diet and Health

• A healthy diet contributes to the prevention of chronic diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and some cancers.
• Diet is one of the most modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases.

Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels.
• CVDs include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease.

Cancer

• One of the most common causes of death worldwide.
• In the Philippines, 50,000 cancer cases have been recorded, and this number is estimated to increase by 5% every year.
• Prevention and detection measures include promoting signs of cancer, such as changes in bowel or bladder habits, unusual bleeding, and unexplained weight loss.

Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases

• Physical inactivity
• Cigarette smoking
• Unhealthy eating
• Excessive alcohol drinking
• Viruses
• Radiation

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

• A disease of the lungs in which the airways narrow over time.
• Includes chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, and emphysema.

Diabetes

• A group of metabolic diseases in which an individual has high blood sugar because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not respond to the insulin produced.
• Hyperglycemia is a common effect of diabetes.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

• Promoting a healthy BMI is essential for preventing chronic diseases.

Mental Health

• It is an integral part of every individual, referring to a state of social well-being in which every individual realizes their own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, and can work productively and fruitfully.
• Mental health and well-being is a concern of all, and addressing concerns related to mental health contributes to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Mental health programs include a wide range of promotive, preventive, treatment, and rehabilitative services, integrated in various treatment settings from community to facility, and backed with institutional support mechanisms from different government agencies and CSOs.