12 Questions
What is the main difference in the metabolism of normal cells compared to cancer cells?
Cancer cells break down glucose to pyruvate to produce ATP.
Which characteristic distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells in terms of immune response avoidance?
Cancer cells express PDL-1 or PDL-2 antigens to deflect the immune response.
What ability do cancer cells possess that allows them to survive and grow by inducing the formation of new blood vessels?
Cancer cells can induce angiogenesis to create new blood vessels.
How do cancer cells differ from normal cells in terms of proliferation?
Cancer cells proliferate due to over-active oncogenes.
What is the main function of having PDL-1 or PDL-2 antigens in cancer cells?
To inhibit T cells from attacking cancer cells.
How do cancer cells differ from normal cells in terms of their interaction with the immune system?
Cancer cells inhibit T cells that would normally attack them.
What characteristic of cancer cells allows them to greatly exceed Hayflick's limit?
Elongating their telomeres using telomerase
Which gene acts as a central regulator of cell death by halting the cell cycle in response to DNA damage?
Tumor suppressor gene p53
How do most cancer cells avoid normal growth suppressor signals in the G1 checkpoint?
By carrying mutations in tumor suppressor genes
What hallmark of cancer involves the ability of cancer cells to bear mutations in their DNA and still undergo mitosis?
Genome instability
Which enzyme is responsible for elongating chromosomal ends (telomeres) in cancer cells?
Telomerase
In normal human cells, what phase of the cell cycle do cells enter after reaching Hayflick's limit?
G0 phase
Learn about replicative immortality in cancer cells compared to normal human cells, including the role of telomeres and the Hayflick's limit. Understand how cancer cells can continue to undergo mitosis beyond the typical limit.
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