COPY: Haematological Malignancies

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What percentage of all leukaemias does Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) represent?

15-20% (correct)

5-10%

25-30%

40-50%

CML progresses faster than Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML).

False

What is the defining genetic abnormality associated with CML?

Philadelphia chromosome

CML is characterized by massive overproduction of __________ precursors.

myeloid Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory parameter would typically indicate anaemia in CML?

Haemoglobin of 94 g/L Signup and view all the answers

Patients in the chronic phase of CML are typically asymptomatic.

True Signup and view all the answers

Name one common symptom of CML upon presentation.

Weight loss, splenomegaly, or pallor Signup and view all the answers

Match the lab parameters with their corresponding results in CML:

Haemoglobin = 94 g/L White Cell Count = 21 x 10^9/L Platelets = 119 x 10^9/L Eosinophils = 0.8 x 10^9/L Signup and view all the answers

The BCR-ABL fusion gene leads to __________ tyrosine kinase activity.

constitutive Signup and view all the answers

What causes the overproduction of myeloid cells in CML?

Acquired genetic change in stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark genetic change associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)?

Philadelphia chromosome Signup and view all the answers

Stem cell transplant is considered a curative treatment for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML).

True Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory techniques are used for the diagnosis of CML?

FBC, blood film, bone marrow examination, PCR, cytogenetics Signup and view all the answers

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is characterized by clonal proliferation of __________ cells found in the blood.

mature B Signup and view all the answers

Match the CLL stages with their corresponding life expectancy:

Stage A = 13 years Stage B = Varies Stage C = 2 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal reference range for haemoglobin levels?

120-170 g/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line treatment typically used for CML?

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Lymphocytosis is indicated when the white cell count is within the normal range.

False Signup and view all the answers

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) can present with symptoms such as fatigue and swollen abdomen.

True Signup and view all the answers

What treatment combines Rituximab with chemotherapy for significant symptoms?

Rituximab + Chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of white cell malignancy?

Leukaemia Signup and view all the answers

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia typically has a slow onset.

False Signup and view all the answers

The most common leukaemia in the Western world is _____ .

CLL Signup and view all the answers

What are the two subcategories of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia based on the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region?

Unmutated and mutated Signup and view all the answers

What are the two classifications of leukaemia based on the maturity of cells?

Acute and Chronic Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laboratory tests to their results or findings:

FBC = Provides parameters like haemoglobin, red cell count, etc. Peripheral Blood Film = Presence of smudge cells Immunophenotyping = CD markers to identify cell types Cytogenetics = Identifies chromosomal abnormalities like del13q14 Signup and view all the answers

The primary symptom of CLL that relates to the immune system is __________.

recurrent infections Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following markers is used in the immunophenotyping for CLL diagnosis?

CD19 Signup and view all the answers

CML stands for _______.

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic symptom of CLL?

Increased energy Signup and view all the answers

Match the leukaemia types with their characteristics:

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia = Rapid onset, immature cells Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia = Slow onset, more mature cells Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia = Rapid onset, immature cells Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia = Subclinical/incidental Signup and view all the answers

Corticosteroids are primarily used to treat CLL by improving immune response.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the clinical features of chronic leukaemias?

They typically have a slow onset and may be asymptomatic. Signup and view all the answers

List one common symptom of CLL.

Anaemia, recurrent infections, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly Signup and view all the answers

Laboratory diagnosis is not important in the classification of leukaemias.

False Signup and view all the answers

Low antibody levels in CLL are assessed during _____ tests.

Biochemistry Signup and view all the answers

What should be done when symptoms become significant in CLL?

Administration of Rituximab and Chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

Name one type of acute leukaemia.

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) or Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) Signup and view all the answers

Chronic leukaemia is generally considered _______.

controllable Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding leukaemia type:

CML = Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia AML = Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ALL = Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia CLL = Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Signup and view all the answers

COPY: Haematological Malignancies - CML Overview

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of all leukaemias does Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) represent?

CML progresses faster than Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML).

What is the defining genetic abnormality associated with CML?

CML is characterized by massive overproduction of __________ precursors.

Which laboratory parameter would typically indicate anaemia in CML?

Patients in the chronic phase of CML are typically asymptomatic.

Name one common symptom of CML upon presentation.

Match the lab parameters with their corresponding results in CML:

The BCR-ABL fusion gene leads to __________ tyrosine kinase activity.

What causes the overproduction of myeloid cells in CML?

What is the hallmark genetic change associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)?

Stem cell transplant is considered a curative treatment for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML).

What laboratory techniques are used for the diagnosis of CML?

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is characterized by clonal proliferation of __________ cells found in the blood.

Match the CLL stages with their corresponding life expectancy:

What is the normal reference range for haemoglobin levels?

What is the first line treatment typically used for CML?

Lymphocytosis is indicated when the white cell count is within the normal range.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) can present with symptoms such as fatigue and swollen abdomen.

What treatment combines Rituximab with chemotherapy for significant symptoms?

What is the most common type of white cell malignancy?

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia typically has a slow onset.

The most common leukaemia in the Western world is _____ .

What are the two subcategories of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia based on the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region?

What are the two classifications of leukaemia based on the maturity of cells?

Match the following laboratory tests to their results or findings:

The primary symptom of CLL that relates to the immune system is __________.

Which of the following markers is used in the immunophenotyping for CLL diagnosis?

CML stands for _______.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic symptom of CLL?

Match the leukaemia types with their characteristics:

Corticosteroids are primarily used to treat CLL by improving immune response.

Which statement describes the clinical features of chronic leukaemias?

List one common symptom of CLL.

Laboratory diagnosis is not important in the classification of leukaemias.

Low antibody levels in CLL are assessed during _____ tests.

What should be done when symptoms become significant in CLL?

Name one type of acute leukaemia.

Chronic leukaemia is generally considered _______.

Match the following terms with their corresponding leukaemia type:

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