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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is true for Eikenella corrodens?
Which characteristic is true for Eikenella corrodens?
What is the primary cause of meningitis in adults?
What is the primary cause of meningitis in adults?
Which feature distinguishes Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Neisseria meningitidis?
Which feature distinguishes Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Neisseria meningitidis?
In which locations are Neisseria meningitidis infections likely to occur in epidemic waves?
In which locations are Neisseria meningitidis infections likely to occur in epidemic waves?
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What is an effective treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections?
What is an effective treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections?
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Which of the following is a consequence of untreated gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?
Which of the following is a consequence of untreated gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?
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What do OPA proteins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae assist with?
What do OPA proteins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae assist with?
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Which chemical property is true for Neisseria meningitidis?
Which chemical property is true for Neisseria meningitidis?
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Which factor is considered a risk for Mannan infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis?
Which factor is considered a risk for Mannan infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis?
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What type of bacteria is Eikenella corrodens?
What type of bacteria is Eikenella corrodens?
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Which feature differentiates Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Neisseria meningitidis?
Which feature differentiates Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Neisseria meningitidis?
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What is a significant clinical consequence of untreated gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?
What is a significant clinical consequence of untreated gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?
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Which treatment is currently recommended for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections?
Which treatment is currently recommended for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections?
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What is the natural host for Neisseria meningitidis?
What is the natural host for Neisseria meningitidis?
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Which clinical condition is primarily associated with Moraxella species?
Which clinical condition is primarily associated with Moraxella species?
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What is the main mechanism by which Neisseria meningitidis can cause toxic effects in disease?
What is the main mechanism by which Neisseria meningitidis can cause toxic effects in disease?
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Which group of individuals is particularly vulnerable to Neisseria meningitidis infections during epidemic waves?
Which group of individuals is particularly vulnerable to Neisseria meningitidis infections during epidemic waves?
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Which characteristic is true for Eikenella corrodens regarding its metabolism?
Which characteristic is true for Eikenella corrodens regarding its metabolism?
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What key characteristic does Eikenella corrodens exhibit?
What key characteristic does Eikenella corrodens exhibit?
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Which of the following is most commonly associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections?
Which of the following is most commonly associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections?
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Identify a treatment option for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections that is currently recommended.
Identify a treatment option for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections that is currently recommended.
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What is the primary role of pili in Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
What is the primary role of pili in Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
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What is a common characteristic of Neisseria meningitidis?
What is a common characteristic of Neisseria meningitidis?
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What specific structure on Neisseria gonorrhoeae aids in its attachment to human cells?
What specific structure on Neisseria gonorrhoeae aids in its attachment to human cells?
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In which context is Neisseria meningitidis likely to occur in epidemic waves?
In which context is Neisseria meningitidis likely to occur in epidemic waves?
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Which clinical outcome is associated with untreated gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?
Which clinical outcome is associated with untreated gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?
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How does Neisseria meningitidis typically enter the body?
How does Neisseria meningitidis typically enter the body?
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What is the primary mode of transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in adults?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in adults?
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Which feature helps differentiate Neisseria meningitidis from other bacteria?
Which feature helps differentiate Neisseria meningitidis from other bacteria?
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What type of bacterium is Neisseria gonorrhoeae classified as?
What type of bacterium is Neisseria gonorrhoeae classified as?
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What is the role of OPA proteins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
What is the role of OPA proteins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
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Which of the following statements about Eikenella corrodens is true?
Which of the following statements about Eikenella corrodens is true?
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What is a likely consequence of untreated infections by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in adults?
What is a likely consequence of untreated infections by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in adults?
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What do the capsulated structures of Neisseria meningitidis contribute to?
What do the capsulated structures of Neisseria meningitidis contribute to?
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What is the primary treatment for infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae now that penicillin is ineffective?
What is the primary treatment for infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae now that penicillin is ineffective?
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Which of the following is associated with Moraxella species?
Which of the following is associated with Moraxella species?
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Study Notes
HACEK Bacteria
- Eikenella corrodens is a small, fastidious, gram-negative rod found in the gingival and bowel flora.
- Eikenella corrodens is oxidase positive, does not ferment carbohydrates, and produces an ammonia odor.
- Eikenella corrodens can be isolated from wounds caused by human bites.
Moraxella Species
- Moraxella species are coccobacilli associated with bronchitis and pneumonia.
Neisseria Species
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are two significant species of Neisseria.
Neisseria Meningitidis
- Neisseria meningitidis is a capsulated bacteria that is a normal part of the upper respiratory flora.
- Neisseria meningitidis ferments maltose and is a leading cause of meningitis in adults.
- There are 13 serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis and vaccines are available to protect against them.
- Humans are the natural host for Neisseria meningitidis, which enters the body through the nasopharynx.
- Neisseria meningitidis lipopolysaccharides can cause toxic effects during infection, potentially leading to coma.
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the cause of the sexually transmitted disease Gonorrhea.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae lacks a capsule and does not ferment maltose.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae has pili (hair-like structures) that aid in adhesion.
- OPA proteins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae are involved in attaching to host cells.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae can infect the genitourinary tract, eyes, and rectum.
- In men, gonorrhea often presents with a creamy, yellow pus discharge.
- In women, the infection can extend from the endocervix to the vagina.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae can lead to septic arthritis.
- Penicillin is no longer an effective treatment for gonorrhea, with cefixime and ceftriaxone being the current options.
Epidemics
- Gonorrhea can occur in epidemic waves, often seen in places like college dorms and military camps.
- While penicillin is used to treat gonorrhea, it may not entirely eliminate the infection. Rifampin or ciprofloxacin are often prescribed alongside penicillin.
Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum
- Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum is an eye infection in newborns acquired during birth through the infected birth canal.
- Left untreated, gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum can lead to blindness.
HACEK Bacteria
- Eikenella corrodens: a small, fastidious, gram-negative rod found in the gingival and bowel flora.
- Eikenella corrodens: known for being oxidase positive, does not ferment carbohydrates, and produces an ammonia odor. It is commonly isolated from wounds caused by human bites.
Moraxella species
- Coccobacillus typically associated with bronchitis and pneumonia.
Neisseria species
- N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis are the two notable species.
Neisseria Meningitidis
- A capsulated bacterium that resides in the upper respiratory tract.
- It is known to ferment maltose.
- It is a leading cause of meningitis in adults.
- It has 13 serogroups, with vaccines available for protection.
- Humans are the natural host, entering through the nasopharynx.
- The meningococcal lipopolysaccharides are responsible for causing toxic effects during infection.
- The infection may progress to coma.
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
- The causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease, gonorrhea.
- It is a non-capsulated bacterium that cannot ferment maltose.
- It has pili (hair-like structures) that play a role in adhesion.
- It attacks the genitourinary tract, eyes, and rectum.
- Men usually have creamy, yellow pus discharge.
- Females typically experience endocervical infection extending to the vagina.
- The bacteria can lead to septic arthritis.
- Penicillin is no longer an option for treatment. Cefixime and ceftriaxone are the preferred medications.
Epidemic Waves in Meningococcemia
- Occur in crowded environments like college dorms and military camps.
- Treatment with penicillin is effective, but often requires additional medications like rifampin or ciprofloxacin to eliminate the bacteria.
Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum
- A serious eye infection in newborns acquired during birth canal infection.
- Untreated gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum can lead to blindness.
HACEK Bacteria
- Eikenella corrodens is a small, fastidious, gram-negative rod found in the gingival and bowel flora.
- Eikenella corrodens is oxidase-positive and does not ferment carbohydrates.
- Eikenella corrodens is known for its ammonia-like odor and is commonly isolated from wounds caused by human bites.
Moraxella Species
- Moraxella species are coccobacilli commonly associated with bronchitis and pneumonia.
Neisseria Species
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are both significant pathogenic bacteria within the Neisseria genus.
Neisseria Meningitidis
- Neisseria meningitidis is a capsulated bacterium part of the normal upper respiratory flora.
- Neisseria meningitidis ferments maltose and is a leading cause of meningitis in adults.
- Neisseria meningitidis has 13 serogroups, and vaccines are available to protect against them.
- Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted through the nasopharynx.
- Neisseria meningitidis's lipopolysaccharides are responsible for the organism's toxic effects in disease.
- Neisseria meningitidis infections can lead to coma.
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae lacks a capsule and does not ferment maltose.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae has pili, hair-like structures, and OPA proteins, which contribute to adhesion.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae can infect the genitourinary tract, eyes, and rectum.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in men are usually characterized by creamy, yellow pus.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in women can spread to the endocervix and extend to the vagina.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections can lead to septic arthritis.
- Penicillin is no longer an effective treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Recommended treatments are cefixime and ceftriaxone.
Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum
- Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum is an infection in newborns acquired during passage through the birth canal.
- Untreated gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum can cause blindness.
HACEK Bacteria
- Eikenella corrodens: small fastidious gram-negative rod, part of gingival and bowel flora, oxidase positive, does not ferment carbohydrates, emits ammonia odor, can be isolated from wounds due to human bites
Moraxella Species
- Coccobacillus, associated with bronchitis and pneumonia
Neisseria Species
- N. gonorrhoeae: causes gonorrhea
- N. Meningitidis: causes meningitis
Neisseria Meningitidis
- Capsulated, part of upper normal respiratory flora, ferments maltose, leading cause of meningitis in adults, 13 serogroups
- Humans are the natural host, nasopharynx is the portal of entry
- Meningococcal lipopolysaccharides are responsible for toxic effects in the disease
- Can progress to coma
Neisseria Gonnorhoeae
- Causes gonorrhea, no capsule, cannot ferment maltose, has pili, responsible for adhesion to gonococci
- Attacks the genitourinary tract, eyes, and rectum
- Men usually have creamy, yellow pus
- Females have endocervix, extending to the vagina
- Can lead to septic arthritis
- Penicillin is no longer used; Cefixime and Ceftriaxone are the preferred options
Epidemics of Neisseria gonnorhoeae
- Occur in waves: college dorms and military camps
- Treatment is penicillin but needs to be followed up by rifampin or ciprofloxacin to eliminate the drug
Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum
- Acquired during infection of the birth canal
- Left untreated can lead to blindness
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Description
This quiz covers key aspects of HACEK bacteria, particularly Eikenella corrodens, as well as Neisseria species including Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. Learn about their characteristics, associations with diseases, and clinical significance.
